A phase II randomized double blinded trial evaluating the efficacy of curcumin with pre-operative chemoradiation for rectal cancer

Jillian R. Gunther, Awalpreet S. Chadha, Sushovan Guha, Gottumukkala S. Raju, Dipen M. Maru, Mark F. Munsell, Yan Jiang, Peiying Yang, Edd Felix, Marilyn Clemons, Geena George Mathew, Pankaj Kumar Singh, John M. Skibber, Miguel A. Rodriguez-Bigas, George J. Chang, Cathy Eng, Marc E. Delclos, Christopher H. Crane, Prajnan Das, Sunil Krishnan

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

2 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background: In vivo studies demonstrate that curcumin increases radioresponse of colorectal cancers. To demonstrate efficacy in humans, we performed a randomized double-blind study of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients receiving pre-operative chemoradiation therapy (CRT) ± curcumin. We used pathologic complete response (pCR) rate as a surrogate for clinical outcome. Methods: From 2008-2010, LARC patients were randomized to placebo/curcumin in a 1:2 ratio. Patients received CRT [50.4 gray in 28 fractions; capecitabine (825 mg/m2 twice daily)] followed by surgery. Curcumin (4 grams orally, twice daily) or placebo was given throughout CRT and 6 weeks afterward. Toxicity was monitored weekly. Blood samples taken pre- and 1-hour post-ingestion and tissue biopsies (both collected at CRT week 2) were analyzed for pharmacokinetics. The primary outcome was surgical pCR rate. Results: Of 22 enrolled patients, 15 received curcumin. Median age was 61 years and the majority were male (n=13; 59%). The median serum curcumin concentrations before (3.04 ng/mL; range, 1.24-18.88 ng/mL) and 1 hour after (3.32 ng/mL; range, 0.84-5.36 ng/mL) curcumin intake did not differ significantly (P=0.33). Serum curcumin concentrations both increased and decreased 1-hour post-administration (range as percentage of baseline: 8.8-258.1%). Twelve curcumin patient tissue biopsies had median curcumin concentration of 33.7 ng/mg tissue (range, 0.1-4,765.7 ng/mg). Two placebo and 1 curcumin patient achieved pCRs (P=0.18). One grade 3 toxicity (infection) was experienced. Conclusions: The addition of curcumin to CRT did not increase pCR rates for LARC patients. The unpredictable bioavailability of curcumin contributes to continued uncertainties regarding curcumin efficacy.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)2938-2950
Number of pages13
JournalJournal of Gastrointestinal Oncology
Volume13
Issue number6
DOIs
StatePublished - Dec 2022

Keywords

  • Locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC)
  • chemoradiation
  • curcumin

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Oncology
  • Gastroenterology

MD Anderson CCSG core facilities

  • Biostatistics Resource Group

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