Atypical CD8⁺ cutaneous T-cell lymphoma after immunomodulatory therapy

Systemic immunomodulatory agents have recently been approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. Although lymphomas are known to emerge in the setting of immunosuppressive therapy, it has not been well described or established for the newer biologic immune response modifiers. Herein, we describe 2 patients who developed unusual CD8⁺ cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders after treatment with efalizumab and infliximab. The mechanisms and occurrence of lymphoma after immune response modifiers are discussed.