| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 2881-2889 |
| Number of pages | 9 |
| Journal | Cancer |
| Volume | 124 |
| Issue number | 14 |
| DOIs |
|
| State | Published - Jul 15 2018 |
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Oncology
- Cancer Research
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In: Cancer, Vol. 124, No. 14, 15.07.2018, p. 2881-2889.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Comment/debate › peer-review
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Cancer research in the United States
T2 - A critical review of current status and proposal for alternative models
AU - Kantarjian, Hagop M.
AU - Prat, Ferran
AU - Steensma, David P.
AU - Kurzrock, Razelle
AU - Stewart, David J.
AU - Sekeres, Mikkael A.
AU - Leveque, Joseph
N1 - Funding Information: In the early 1950s to 1960s, cancer research for the most part was entrepreneurial, with a limited number of investigators or cancer centers studying the individual drugs, such as nitrogen mustard and alkylating agents, made available to them by academic laboratories or chemical companies. The hope was that drugs would “target” the cancer cells. For example, L-phenylalanine mustard was named “mel-phalan” because of the recognition of phenylalanine in the biochemistry of melanin synthesis, and the hypothesis that the drug would be useful for the treatment of melanoma. During this phase, cancer research was funded by academic or private institutions, philanthropy, and foundations such as the American Cancer Society (founded in 1913), the Lasker Foundation (founded in 1942), and the Robert Roesler de Villiers Foundation (founded in 1949). The latter became the Leukemia Society of America, and then the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society. Funding Information: Supported in part by the Charif Souki Cancer Research Fund and in part by The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Leukemia SPORE grant CA100632. The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center is supported by the National Institutes of Health (grant P30 CA016672). Funding Information: The second development was the passage by the US Senate of the Bayh-Dole Act, enacted in December 1980, which concerned the ownership of inventions discovered with federal funding.58-61 Before the act, any inventions resulting from contracts and grants supported by federal funding were assigned to the federal government. By 1980, the US government had accumulated 28,000 patents, but <5% of them were licensed commercially. The Bayh-Dole Act allowed inventions made through federally funded research (at universities, small businesses, academic research centers, and nonprofit institutions) to be pursued for patent ownership, and created unique opportunities and incentives for financial gains from the inventions. The result was a proliferation of biotechnology companies founded by academic researchers and institutions. The structures built at each academic institution to bring the inventions to market were leveraged for nonfederal/private financial support, thereby creating a virtuous cycle and fueling the proliferation of commercialization opportunities for the pharmaceutical industry.
PY - 2018/7/15
Y1 - 2018/7/15
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85047548974&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85047548974&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/cncr.31522
DO - 10.1002/cncr.31522
M3 - Comment/debate
C2 - 29757456
AN - SCOPUS:85047548974
SN - 0008-543X
VL - 124
SP - 2881
EP - 2889
JO - Cancer
JF - Cancer
IS - 14
ER -