TY - JOUR
T1 - Comparative Effectiveness of Neoadjuvant Therapy and Upfront Resection for Patients with Resectable Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
T2 - An Instrumental Variable Analysis
AU - da Costa, Wilson Luiz
AU - Tran Cao, Hop S.
AU - Sheetz, Kyle H.
AU - Gu, Xiangjun
AU - Norton, Edward C.
AU - Massarweh, Nader N.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was funded by a Research Training Award for Cancer Prevention Post-Graduate Training Program in Integrative Epidemiology from the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas, Grant No. RP160097 (Principal Investigator: M. Spitz), and was also supported by the Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, Office of Research and Development, and the Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety (CIN 13-413). The funding body played no part in the design and/or general conduct of this study, had no access to the data or role in data collection, management, analysis, or interpretation, and had no role in the preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript. Acknowledgments
Funding Information:
The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the Department of Veterans Affairs, Baylor College of Medicine, the University of Michigan, or the American College of Surgeons CoC. The data used in this study are derived from a de-identified NCDB file. The American College of Surgeons and the CoC have not verified and are not responsible for the analytic or statistical methodology employed, or the conclusions drawn from these data.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020, Society of Surgical Oncology.
PY - 2021/6
Y1 - 2021/6
N2 - Background: Neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) is increasingly being used in the management of patients with resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC); however, there is a lack of evidence regarding the benefit among these patients. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate overall survival (OS) in PDAC patients with resectable disease treated with NAT or upfront resection through instrumental variable (IV) analysis. Design: A national cohort study of resectable PDAC patients in the National Cancer Data Base (2007–2015) treated with either upfront surgery or resection after NAT. Using multivariable modeling and IV methods, OS was compared between those treated with NAT and upfront resection. The IV was hospital-level NAT utilization in the most recent year prior to treatment. Results: The cohort included 16,666 patients (14,012 upfront resection; 2654 NAT) treated at 779 hospitals. Among those treated with upfront resection, 59.9% received any adjuvant therapy. NAT patients had higher median (27.9 months, 95% confidence interval [CI] 26.2–29.1) and 5-year OS (24.1%, 95% CI 21.9–26.3%) compared with those treated with upfront surgery (median 21.2 months, 95% CI 20.7–21.6; 5-year survival 20.9%, 95% CI 20.1–21.7%). After multivariable modeling, NAT was associated with an approximately 20% decrease in the risk of death (hazard ratio [HR] 0.78, 95% CI 0.73–0.84), and this effect was magnified in the IV analysis (HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.47–0.79). Conclusions: In patients with resectable PDAC, NAT is associated with improved survival relative to upfront resection. Given the benefits of multimodality therapy and the challenges in receiving adjuvant therapy, consideration should be given to treating all PDAC patients with NAT.
AB - Background: Neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) is increasingly being used in the management of patients with resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC); however, there is a lack of evidence regarding the benefit among these patients. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate overall survival (OS) in PDAC patients with resectable disease treated with NAT or upfront resection through instrumental variable (IV) analysis. Design: A national cohort study of resectable PDAC patients in the National Cancer Data Base (2007–2015) treated with either upfront surgery or resection after NAT. Using multivariable modeling and IV methods, OS was compared between those treated with NAT and upfront resection. The IV was hospital-level NAT utilization in the most recent year prior to treatment. Results: The cohort included 16,666 patients (14,012 upfront resection; 2654 NAT) treated at 779 hospitals. Among those treated with upfront resection, 59.9% received any adjuvant therapy. NAT patients had higher median (27.9 months, 95% confidence interval [CI] 26.2–29.1) and 5-year OS (24.1%, 95% CI 21.9–26.3%) compared with those treated with upfront surgery (median 21.2 months, 95% CI 20.7–21.6; 5-year survival 20.9%, 95% CI 20.1–21.7%). After multivariable modeling, NAT was associated with an approximately 20% decrease in the risk of death (hazard ratio [HR] 0.78, 95% CI 0.73–0.84), and this effect was magnified in the IV analysis (HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.47–0.79). Conclusions: In patients with resectable PDAC, NAT is associated with improved survival relative to upfront resection. Given the benefits of multimodality therapy and the challenges in receiving adjuvant therapy, consideration should be given to treating all PDAC patients with NAT.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85095858570&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85095858570&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1245/s10434-020-09327-3
DO - 10.1245/s10434-020-09327-3
M3 - Article
C2 - 33174146
AN - SCOPUS:85095858570
SN - 1068-9265
VL - 28
SP - 3186
EP - 3195
JO - Annals of surgical oncology
JF - Annals of surgical oncology
IS - 6
ER -