TY - JOUR
T1 - Current concepts of non-coding RNA regulation of immune checkpoints in cancer
AU - Smolle, Maria Anna
AU - Prinz, Felix
AU - Calin, George Adrian
AU - Pichler, Martin
PY - 2019/12
Y1 - 2019/12
N2 - The discovery of immune checkpoint molecules as important regulators of immune responses in healthy individuals as well as immune escape of malignant tumours has led to profound changes in understanding, research and treatment of human cancer. Especially the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer therapy has set anti-cancer therapy on a novel level. With increasing experience of approved CTLA-4 and PD1/PD-L1 inhibitors and the evolution of novel immune checkpoint molecules from pre-clinical models to clinical trials, mechanisms of the regulation of these immune system guiding factors, are of paramount importance to overcome mechanisms of resistance. Non-protein coding RNAs (i.e. non-coding RNAs) such as short microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs are involved in regulating of various cellular processes and have attracted attention of cancer researchers and immunologists over the last years. In the present review, interactions between non coding RNAs and immune checkpoint molecules, within the framework of human cancer, will be discussed and current and developing concepts between the immunological and non-coding RNA world, will be elucidated.
AB - The discovery of immune checkpoint molecules as important regulators of immune responses in healthy individuals as well as immune escape of malignant tumours has led to profound changes in understanding, research and treatment of human cancer. Especially the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer therapy has set anti-cancer therapy on a novel level. With increasing experience of approved CTLA-4 and PD1/PD-L1 inhibitors and the evolution of novel immune checkpoint molecules from pre-clinical models to clinical trials, mechanisms of the regulation of these immune system guiding factors, are of paramount importance to overcome mechanisms of resistance. Non-protein coding RNAs (i.e. non-coding RNAs) such as short microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs are involved in regulating of various cellular processes and have attracted attention of cancer researchers and immunologists over the last years. In the present review, interactions between non coding RNAs and immune checkpoint molecules, within the framework of human cancer, will be discussed and current and developing concepts between the immunological and non-coding RNA world, will be elucidated.
KW - Cancer
KW - Immune checkpoint molecule
KW - Non-coding RNA
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U2 - 10.1016/j.mam.2019.09.007
DO - 10.1016/j.mam.2019.09.007
M3 - Review article
C2 - 31582259
AN - SCOPUS:85072695080
SN - 0098-2997
VL - 70
SP - 117
EP - 126
JO - Molecular Aspects of Medicine
JF - Molecular Aspects of Medicine
ER -