TY - JOUR
T1 - Cushing syndrome
T2 - Diagnostic workup and imaging features, with clinical and pathologic correlation
AU - Wagner-Bartak, Nicolaus A.
AU - Baiomy, Ali
AU - Habra, Mouhammed Amir
AU - Mukhi, Shalini V.
AU - Morani, Ajaykumar C.
AU - Korivi, Brinda R.
AU - Waguespack, Steven G.
AU - Elsayes, Khaled M.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© American Roentgen Ray Society.
PY - 2017/7
Y1 - 2017/7
N2 - OBJECTIVE. Cushing syndrome (CS) is a constellation of clinical signs and symptoms resulting from chronic exposure to excess cortisol, either exogenous or endogenous. Exogenous CS is most commonly caused by administration of glucocorticoids. Endogenous CS is subdivided into two types: adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) dependent and ACTH independent. CONCLUSION. Cushing disease, which is caused by a pituitary adenoma, is the most common cause of ACTH-dependent CS for which pituitary MRI can be diagnostic, with bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling useful in equivocal cases. In ectopic ACTH production, which is usually caused by a tumor in the thorax (e.g., small cell lung carcinoma, bronchial and thymic carcinoids, or medullary thyroid carcinoma) or abdomen (e.g., gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors or pheochromocytoma), CT, MRI, and nuclear medicine tests are used for localizing the source of ACTH. In ACTH-independent CS, which is caused by various adrenal abnormalities, adrenal protocol CT or MRI is usually diagnostic.
AB - OBJECTIVE. Cushing syndrome (CS) is a constellation of clinical signs and symptoms resulting from chronic exposure to excess cortisol, either exogenous or endogenous. Exogenous CS is most commonly caused by administration of glucocorticoids. Endogenous CS is subdivided into two types: adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) dependent and ACTH independent. CONCLUSION. Cushing disease, which is caused by a pituitary adenoma, is the most common cause of ACTH-dependent CS for which pituitary MRI can be diagnostic, with bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling useful in equivocal cases. In ectopic ACTH production, which is usually caused by a tumor in the thorax (e.g., small cell lung carcinoma, bronchial and thymic carcinoids, or medullary thyroid carcinoma) or abdomen (e.g., gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors or pheochromocytoma), CT, MRI, and nuclear medicine tests are used for localizing the source of ACTH. In ACTH-independent CS, which is caused by various adrenal abnormalities, adrenal protocol CT or MRI is usually diagnostic.
KW - Adrenal adenoma
KW - Adrenocortical carcinoma
KW - Adrenocorticotropic hormone-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia
KW - Cushing disease
KW - Cushing syndrome
KW - Pituitary adenoma
KW - Primary pigmented nodular adrenal disease
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U2 - 10.2214/AJR.16.17290
DO - 10.2214/AJR.16.17290
M3 - Review article
C2 - 28639924
AN - SCOPUS:85021175573
SN - 0361-803X
VL - 209
SP - 19
EP - 32
JO - American Journal of Roentgenology
JF - American Journal of Roentgenology
IS - 1
ER -