Cutaneous manifestations of genodermatoses and primary immunodeficiency

Immunodeficiency is most commonly related to inherited syndromes, infections, chemotherapy, or aging. As the population of individuals with immunodeficiency continues to grow, physicians are confronted with the task of diagnosing dermatologic disease in this population. Cutaneous involvement in immunodeficiency disorders serves as a useful tool that aids diagnosis and provides prognostic value. Given that cutaneous manifestations often herald an underlying immunodeficiency disorder, understanding the complexities of these diseases is important for appropriate clinical management. Although certain diseases may present with stereotypical cutaneous lesions, others may involve more variable lesions that require specialized consultation for diagnosis and treatment recommendations. In this review, we discuss a number of cutaneous findings associated with primary immunodeficiencies. Awareness of these cutaneous associations may aid in the early detection and prompt treatment of these potentially serious immunologic disorders.