TY - JOUR
T1 - Dietary N-Nitroso Compounds and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
T2 - A USA-Based Study
AU - Zheng, Jiali
AU - Daniel, Carrie R.
AU - Hatia, Rikita I.
AU - Stuff, Janice
AU - Abdelhakeem, Ahmed A.
AU - Rashid, Asif
AU - Chun, Yun Shin
AU - Jalal, Prasun K.
AU - Kaseb, Ahmed O.
AU - Li, Donghui
AU - Hassan, Manal M.
N1 - Funding Information:
Supported by the NIH/NCI under award numbers R01CA186566 (to Hassan), P50CA217674 (to Kaseb), CA106458‐01 (to Hassan), P30CA016672 (to Hassan), RO1CA98380‐05 (to Li), RO3CA137803 (to Li), 2P30CA016672‐43 MD Anderson Cancer Center Support Grant (to Daniel, Hassan, and Li), and the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas Postdoctoral Training Fellowship under grant number RP170259 (to Zheng).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.
PY - 2021/12
Y1 - 2021/12
N2 - Background and Aims: N-nitroso compounds (NOCs) are among the most potent dietary carcinogens. N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), and N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP) are abundant in foods and carcinogenic to the liver. We investigated the relationship between dietary NOCs and HCC risk. Approach and Results: In this large, hospital-based, case-control study of 827 pathologically or radiologically confirmed HCC cases and 1,013 controls, NOC intake was calculated by linking food frequency questionnaire–derived dietary data with a comprehensive NOC concentration database. Multivariable-adjusted ORs and 95% CIs of HCC by quartiles of NOC consumption were estimated using logistic regression models, with the lowest quartile as the referent. We further investigated joint effects of consuming the highest quartile of NOCs that were associated with increased HCC risk and hepatitis, diabetes, or alcohol drinking on HCC risk. After adjustment for confounding factors, higher intake of NDEA from plant sources (ORQ4 vs. Q1 = 1.58; 95% CI = 1.03-2.41), NDMA from plant sources (ORQ4 vs. Q1 = 1.54; 95% CI = 1.01-2.34), and NPIP (ORQ4 vs. Q1 = 2.52; 95% CI = 1.62-3.94) was associated with increased HCC risk. No association was observed for nitrate or total NOC intake and HCC risk. Higher consumption of HCC-inducing NOCs and positive hepatitis virus status jointly increased the risk of developing HCC. Conclusions: In conclusion, though some of our findings may indicate the presence of reverse causation owing to lower meat intake among cases with chronic liver diseases before HCC diagnosis, the potent dietary HCC carcinogens, NDEA, NDMA, and NPIP, and their enhanced carcinogenic effects among chronic carriers of hepatitis virus warrant further prospective investigation.
AB - Background and Aims: N-nitroso compounds (NOCs) are among the most potent dietary carcinogens. N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), and N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP) are abundant in foods and carcinogenic to the liver. We investigated the relationship between dietary NOCs and HCC risk. Approach and Results: In this large, hospital-based, case-control study of 827 pathologically or radiologically confirmed HCC cases and 1,013 controls, NOC intake was calculated by linking food frequency questionnaire–derived dietary data with a comprehensive NOC concentration database. Multivariable-adjusted ORs and 95% CIs of HCC by quartiles of NOC consumption were estimated using logistic regression models, with the lowest quartile as the referent. We further investigated joint effects of consuming the highest quartile of NOCs that were associated with increased HCC risk and hepatitis, diabetes, or alcohol drinking on HCC risk. After adjustment for confounding factors, higher intake of NDEA from plant sources (ORQ4 vs. Q1 = 1.58; 95% CI = 1.03-2.41), NDMA from plant sources (ORQ4 vs. Q1 = 1.54; 95% CI = 1.01-2.34), and NPIP (ORQ4 vs. Q1 = 2.52; 95% CI = 1.62-3.94) was associated with increased HCC risk. No association was observed for nitrate or total NOC intake and HCC risk. Higher consumption of HCC-inducing NOCs and positive hepatitis virus status jointly increased the risk of developing HCC. Conclusions: In conclusion, though some of our findings may indicate the presence of reverse causation owing to lower meat intake among cases with chronic liver diseases before HCC diagnosis, the potent dietary HCC carcinogens, NDEA, NDMA, and NPIP, and their enhanced carcinogenic effects among chronic carriers of hepatitis virus warrant further prospective investigation.
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U2 - 10.1002/hep.32046
DO - 10.1002/hep.32046
M3 - Article
C2 - 34233041
AN - SCOPUS:85113375148
SN - 0270-9139
VL - 74
SP - 3161
EP - 3173
JO - Hepatology
JF - Hepatology
IS - 6
ER -