TY - JOUR
T1 - Emerging Nonsurgical Therapies for Locally Advanced and Metastatic Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer
AU - Chen, Leon
AU - Aria, Alexander B.
AU - Silapunt, Sirunya
AU - Migden, Michael R.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 by the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery, Inc.
PY - 2019/1/1
Y1 - 2019/1/1
N2 - BACKGROUND Locally advanced and metastatic nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) not amenable to surgical resection requires a different approach to therapy.OBJECTIVETo review the efficacy and adverse effects of emerging treatment options for locally advanced and metastatic NMSC.MATERIALS AND METHODSA comprehensive search on PubMed was conducted to identify relevant literature investigating the role of program cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitor, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, and Hedgehog pathway inhibitors in the treatment of NMSC.RESULTSPD-1 inhibitor and CTLA-4 inhibitor have shown promising efficacy with tolerable side-effect profiles in the treatment of NMSC, although the number of cases reported is limited. Currently, 3 larger-scale clinical trials are investigating PD-1 inhibitor therapy for NMSC. Similarly, EGFR inhibitor demonstrated marginal success in unresectable cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas. Hedgehog pathway inhibitors were approved by the US FDA for treatment of locally advanced and metastatic basal cell carcinomas and have shown favorable efficacy. Common adverse effects included muscle spasm, alopecia, and dysgeusia.CONCLUSIONSystemic therapies including PD-1 inhibitors and CTLA-4 inhibitors have demonstrated early promising results for difficult-to-treat NMSC. Future studies are necessary to optimize treatment outcome.
AB - BACKGROUND Locally advanced and metastatic nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) not amenable to surgical resection requires a different approach to therapy.OBJECTIVETo review the efficacy and adverse effects of emerging treatment options for locally advanced and metastatic NMSC.MATERIALS AND METHODSA comprehensive search on PubMed was conducted to identify relevant literature investigating the role of program cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitor, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, and Hedgehog pathway inhibitors in the treatment of NMSC.RESULTSPD-1 inhibitor and CTLA-4 inhibitor have shown promising efficacy with tolerable side-effect profiles in the treatment of NMSC, although the number of cases reported is limited. Currently, 3 larger-scale clinical trials are investigating PD-1 inhibitor therapy for NMSC. Similarly, EGFR inhibitor demonstrated marginal success in unresectable cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas. Hedgehog pathway inhibitors were approved by the US FDA for treatment of locally advanced and metastatic basal cell carcinomas and have shown favorable efficacy. Common adverse effects included muscle spasm, alopecia, and dysgeusia.CONCLUSIONSystemic therapies including PD-1 inhibitors and CTLA-4 inhibitors have demonstrated early promising results for difficult-to-treat NMSC. Future studies are necessary to optimize treatment outcome.
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U2 - 10.1097/DSS.0000000000001601
DO - 10.1097/DSS.0000000000001601
M3 - Article
C2 - 30045105
AN - SCOPUS:85059155663
SN - 1076-0512
VL - 45
SP - 1
EP - 16
JO - Dermatologic Surgery
JF - Dermatologic Surgery
IS - 1
ER -