TY - JOUR
T1 - Emerging Therapeutic Applications for Fumarates
AU - Hoogendoorn, Ayla
AU - Avery, Thomas D.
AU - Li, Jiahe
AU - Bursill, Christina
AU - Abell, Andrew
AU - Grace, Peter M.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work is supported by Netherlands Heart Institute Personal Fellowship 2018 (A.H.); Australian Research Council grants CE140100003 (C.B., A.A.) and DP180101581 (A.A.); and National Institutes of Health grant RF1 NS113840 (P.M.G.).
Funding Information:
Drs Grace, Abell, and Avery receive funding from Biogen Inc. The other authors declare no competing financial interests.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2021/4
Y1 - 2021/4
N2 - Fumarates are successfully used for the treatment of psoriasis and multiple sclerosis. Their antioxidative, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective properties make fumarates attractive therapeutic candidates for other pathologies. The exact working mechanisms of fumarates are, however, not fully understood. Further elucidation of the mechanisms is required if these drugs are to be successfully repurposed for other diseases. Towards this, administration route, dosage, and treatment timing, frequency, and duration are important parameters to consider and optimize with clinical paradigms in mind. Here, we summarize the rapidly expanding literature on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of fumarates, including a discussion on two recently FDA-approved fumarates VumerityTM and BafiertamTM. We review emerging applications of fumarates, focusing on neurological and cardiovascular diseases.
AB - Fumarates are successfully used for the treatment of psoriasis and multiple sclerosis. Their antioxidative, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective properties make fumarates attractive therapeutic candidates for other pathologies. The exact working mechanisms of fumarates are, however, not fully understood. Further elucidation of the mechanisms is required if these drugs are to be successfully repurposed for other diseases. Towards this, administration route, dosage, and treatment timing, frequency, and duration are important parameters to consider and optimize with clinical paradigms in mind. Here, we summarize the rapidly expanding literature on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of fumarates, including a discussion on two recently FDA-approved fumarates VumerityTM and BafiertamTM. We review emerging applications of fumarates, focusing on neurological and cardiovascular diseases.
KW - atherosclerosis
KW - fumarates
KW - ischemia-reperfusion injury
KW - neurodegenerative disease
KW - neuropathic pain
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U2 - 10.1016/j.tips.2021.01.004
DO - 10.1016/j.tips.2021.01.004
M3 - Review article
C2 - 33618840
AN - SCOPUS:85101393348
SN - 0165-6147
VL - 42
SP - 239
EP - 254
JO - Trends in Pharmacological Sciences
JF - Trends in Pharmacological Sciences
IS - 4
ER -