TY - JOUR
T1 - Epigenetics and prostate cancer
T2 - defining the timing of DNA methyltransferase deregulation during prostate cancer progression
AU - Tzelepi, Vasiliki
AU - Logotheti, Souzana
AU - Efstathiou, Eleni
AU - Troncoso, Patricia
AU - Aparicio, Ana
AU - Sakellakis, Minas
AU - Hoang, Anh
AU - Perimenis, Petros
AU - Melachrinou, Maria
AU - Logothetis, Christopher
AU - Zolota, Vasiliki
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia
PY - 2020/2
Y1 - 2020/2
N2 - DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) regulate gene expression by methylating cytosine residues within CpG dinucleotides. Aberrant methylation patterns have been shown in a variety of human tumours including prostate cancer. However, the expression of DNMTs in clinical samples across the spectrum of prostate cancer progression has not been studied before. Tissue microarrays were constructed from the prostatectomy specimens of 309 patients across the spectrum of prostate cancer progression: hormone-naïve low-grade prostate cancer (n=49), hormone-naïve high-grade prostate cancer (n=151), hormonally treated high-grade prostate cancer (n=65), and castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) including neuroendocrine carcinoma (n=44). Adjacent non-neoplastic parenchyma was also available in 100 patients. In 71 patients with high-grade carcinoma and lymph node metastasis, tissue from the metastasis was also available for analysis. Immunohistochemical staining was performed with antibodies against DNMT1, DNMT2, DNMT3A, DNMT3B, and DNMT3L. Our results showed that DNMT1 and DNMT3L were upregulated early in prostate cancer progression, whereas DNMT2 was upregulated as a response to androgen ablation. DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B were higher in the late stages of prostate cancer progression, i.e., the emergence of castrate resistance and androgen-independent growth. Lastly, DNMT1, DNMT2, and DNMT3L were upregulated in lymph node metastases compared to primary carcinomas. Our results highlight a cascade of epigenetic events in prostate cancer progression.
AB - DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) regulate gene expression by methylating cytosine residues within CpG dinucleotides. Aberrant methylation patterns have been shown in a variety of human tumours including prostate cancer. However, the expression of DNMTs in clinical samples across the spectrum of prostate cancer progression has not been studied before. Tissue microarrays were constructed from the prostatectomy specimens of 309 patients across the spectrum of prostate cancer progression: hormone-naïve low-grade prostate cancer (n=49), hormone-naïve high-grade prostate cancer (n=151), hormonally treated high-grade prostate cancer (n=65), and castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) including neuroendocrine carcinoma (n=44). Adjacent non-neoplastic parenchyma was also available in 100 patients. In 71 patients with high-grade carcinoma and lymph node metastasis, tissue from the metastasis was also available for analysis. Immunohistochemical staining was performed with antibodies against DNMT1, DNMT2, DNMT3A, DNMT3B, and DNMT3L. Our results showed that DNMT1 and DNMT3L were upregulated early in prostate cancer progression, whereas DNMT2 was upregulated as a response to androgen ablation. DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B were higher in the late stages of prostate cancer progression, i.e., the emergence of castrate resistance and androgen-independent growth. Lastly, DNMT1, DNMT2, and DNMT3L were upregulated in lymph node metastases compared to primary carcinomas. Our results highlight a cascade of epigenetic events in prostate cancer progression.
KW - DNA methylation
KW - DNA methyltransferase
KW - Epigenetics
KW - castrate-resistant
KW - neuroendocrine carcinoma
KW - prostate cancer
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85076857334&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85076857334&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.pathol.2019.10.006
DO - 10.1016/j.pathol.2019.10.006
M3 - Article
C2 - 31864524
AN - SCOPUS:85076857334
SN - 0031-3025
VL - 52
SP - 218
EP - 227
JO - Pathology
JF - Pathology
IS - 2
ER -