Evidence of a Causal Association between Insulinemia and Endometrial Cancer: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis

Kevin T. Nead, Stephen J. Sharp, Deborah J. Thompson, Jodie N. Painter, David B. Savage, Robert K. Semple, Adam Barker, John R.B. Perry, John Attia, Alison M. Dunning, Douglas F. Easton, Elizabeth Holliday, Luca A. Lotta, Tracy O'Mara, Mark McEvoy, Paul D.P. Pharoah, Rodney J. Scott, Amanda B. Spurdle, Claudia Langenberg, Nicholas J. WarehamRobert A. Scott

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

120 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background: Insulinemia and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been associated with endometrial cancer risk in numerous observational studies. However, the causality of these associations is uncertain. Here we use a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to assess whether insulinemia and T2D are causally associated with endometrial cancer. Methods: We used single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with T2D (49 variants), fasting glucose (36 variants), fasting insulin (18 variants), early insulin secretion (17 variants), and body mass index (BMI) (32 variants) as instrumental variables in MR analyses. We calculated MR estimates for each risk factor with endometrial cancer using an inverse-variance weighted method with SNP-endometrial cancer associations from 1287 case patients and 8273 control participants. Results: Genetically predicted higher fasting insulin levels were associated with greater risk of endometrial cancer (odds ratio [OR] per standard deviation = 2.34, 95% confidence internal [CI] = 1.06 to 5.14, P =. 03). Consistently, genetically predicted higher 30-minute postchallenge insulin levels were also associated with endometrial cancer risk (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.12 to 1.76, P =. 003). We observed no associations between genetic risk of type 2 diabetes (OR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.79 to 1.04, P =. 16) or higher fasting glucose (OR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.67 to 1.50, P =. 99) and endometrial cancer. In contrast, endometrial cancer risk was higher in individuals with genetically predicted higher BMI (OR = 3.86, 95% CI = 2.24 to 6.64, P = 1.2x10-6). Conclusion: This study provides evidence to support a causal association of higher insulin levels, independently of BMI, with endometrial cancer risk.

Original languageEnglish (US)
JournalJournal of the National Cancer Institute
Volume107
Issue number9
DOIs
StatePublished - Sep 1 2015
Externally publishedYes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Research

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