TY - JOUR
T1 - Genetic susceptibility to bladder cancer with an emphasis on gene-gene and gene-environmental interactions
AU - Horikawa, Yohei
AU - Gu, Jian
AU - Wu, Xifeng
PY - 2008/9
Y1 - 2008/9
N2 - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The present article reviews recent reports on molecular epidemiological studies for exploring susceptibility genes for bladder cancer, with particular focus on gene-gene and gene-environmental interactions. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent large case-control studies and meta-analyses have confirmed that N-acetyl transferase2 slow acetylator and glutathione S-transferase Mu null genotype were modest susceptibility factors for bladder cancer, with probable interactions between N-acetyl transferase2 slow acetylator and smoking. Several interesting studies using a multigenic pathway-based genotyping approach and novel statistical tools showed significant interactions among potential functional single nucleotide polymorphisms in DNA repair pathway genes and smoking and gene-diet interaction; however, the resultant interactions warrant validation. SUMMARY: Previous studies using a candidate gene approach have not only identified a few bladder cancer susceptibility loci but also produced a large number of false positive results. A multigenic pathway-based approach may identify gene-gene and gene-environment interactions and increase predictive power. Several statistical tools have been applied to identify gene-gene and gene-environment interactions, but future efforts should be directed toward integrating results obtained from different statistical tools and validating resultant interactions from different studies.
AB - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The present article reviews recent reports on molecular epidemiological studies for exploring susceptibility genes for bladder cancer, with particular focus on gene-gene and gene-environmental interactions. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent large case-control studies and meta-analyses have confirmed that N-acetyl transferase2 slow acetylator and glutathione S-transferase Mu null genotype were modest susceptibility factors for bladder cancer, with probable interactions between N-acetyl transferase2 slow acetylator and smoking. Several interesting studies using a multigenic pathway-based genotyping approach and novel statistical tools showed significant interactions among potential functional single nucleotide polymorphisms in DNA repair pathway genes and smoking and gene-diet interaction; however, the resultant interactions warrant validation. SUMMARY: Previous studies using a candidate gene approach have not only identified a few bladder cancer susceptibility loci but also produced a large number of false positive results. A multigenic pathway-based approach may identify gene-gene and gene-environment interactions and increase predictive power. Several statistical tools have been applied to identify gene-gene and gene-environment interactions, but future efforts should be directed toward integrating results obtained from different statistical tools and validating resultant interactions from different studies.
KW - Bladder cancer
KW - Gene-environment interaction
KW - Gene-gene interaction
KW - Molecular epidemiology
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U2 - 10.1097/MOU.0b013e32830b88ff
DO - 10.1097/MOU.0b013e32830b88ff
M3 - Review article
C2 - 18670273
AN - SCOPUS:54549100290
SN - 0963-0643
VL - 18
SP - 493
EP - 498
JO - Current opinion in urology
JF - Current opinion in urology
IS - 5
ER -