TY - JOUR
T1 - Germline prognostic markers for urinary bladder cancer
T2 - Obstacles and opportunities
AU - Chang, David W.
AU - Gu, Jian
AU - Wu, Xifeng
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was partially supported by NIH grants U01 CA 127615 (X.W.), R01 CA 74880 (X.W.), and P50 CA91846 (X.W.) from the National Cancer Institute .
PY - 2012/7
Y1 - 2012/7
N2 - Urinary bladder cancer is a heterogeneous disease with diverse genetic and environmental risk factors that can influence disease risk or clinical course for recurrence, progression, and survival. Therefore, identification of these factors is paramount for disease prevention and optimal clinical management of bladder cancer patients. Of particular interest is the need to identify molecular biomarkers that can give accurate assessment of tumor biological potential and to predict treatment response. Recent advances in molecular biology, cytogenetic, and genomic research have spurred discovery efforts for novel genetic, epigenetic, and proteomic biomarkers that are prognostic for cancer. This review focuses on some of the important germ line polymorphisms found to be correlated with clinical outcomes in bladder cancer. So far, most of the identified candidate loci were based on prior knowledge of pathogenesis and had not been validated for clinical applications. The future challenges are to analyze the wealth of information from whole-genome studies, to understand the underlying biological mechanisms of these associations, the network of gene-gene and gene-environment interactions, and to apply these markers for the identification of high-risk population for targeted, personalized therapy.
AB - Urinary bladder cancer is a heterogeneous disease with diverse genetic and environmental risk factors that can influence disease risk or clinical course for recurrence, progression, and survival. Therefore, identification of these factors is paramount for disease prevention and optimal clinical management of bladder cancer patients. Of particular interest is the need to identify molecular biomarkers that can give accurate assessment of tumor biological potential and to predict treatment response. Recent advances in molecular biology, cytogenetic, and genomic research have spurred discovery efforts for novel genetic, epigenetic, and proteomic biomarkers that are prognostic for cancer. This review focuses on some of the important germ line polymorphisms found to be correlated with clinical outcomes in bladder cancer. So far, most of the identified candidate loci were based on prior knowledge of pathogenesis and had not been validated for clinical applications. The future challenges are to analyze the wealth of information from whole-genome studies, to understand the underlying biological mechanisms of these associations, the network of gene-gene and gene-environment interactions, and to apply these markers for the identification of high-risk population for targeted, personalized therapy.
KW - Bladder cancer
KW - Clinical outcome
KW - Polymorphisms
KW - Prognostic markers
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U2 - 10.1016/j.urolonc.2012.04.003
DO - 10.1016/j.urolonc.2012.04.003
M3 - Review article
C2 - 22742565
AN - SCOPUS:84863007712
SN - 1078-1439
VL - 30
SP - 524
EP - 532
JO - Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations
JF - Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations
IS - 4
ER -