TY - JOUR
T1 - Humoral Immunity and Antibody Responses against Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pneumococcus after Immune Effector Cell Therapies
T2 - A Prospective Study
AU - Angelidakis, Georgios
AU - Chemaly, Roy F.
AU - Sahasrabhojane, Pranoti V.
AU - Morado-Aramburo, Oscar
AU - Jiang, Ying
AU - Bhatti, Micah M.
AU - Shpall, Elizabeth
AU - Hosing, Chitra
AU - Jain, Preetesh
AU - Mahadeo, Kris Michael
AU - Khawaja, Fareed
AU - Elhajj, Peter
AU - Wargo, Jennifer A.
AU - Jenq, Robert R.
AU - Ajami, Nadim J.
AU - Kebriaei, Partow
AU - Ariza-Heredia, Ella J.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 by the authors.
PY - 2024/9
Y1 - 2024/9
N2 - Patients undergoing immune effector cell therapy (IECT) are at high risk for infections. We assessed seropositivity against pneumococcus, tetanus, and diphtheria in patients before and after IECT and the patients’ response to vaccination. We enrolled patients who underwent IECT from January 2020 to March 2022. Antibody levels for diphtheria, tetanus, and pneumococcus were measured before IECT, at 1 month, and 3–6 months after. Eligible patients were vaccinated after IECT. In non-seroprotected patients, we discontinued testing. Before IECT, most patients had seroprotective antibody levels against tetanus (68/69, 99%) and diphtheria (65/69, 94%), but fewer did against pneumococcus (24/67, 36%). After IECT, all patients had seroprotective antibody levels for tetanus at 1 month (68/68) and 3–6 months (56/56). For diphtheria, 65/65 patients (100%) had seroprotective antibody levels at 1 month, and 48/53 (91%) did at 3–6 months. For pneumococcus, seroprotective antibody levels were identified in 91% (21/23) of patients at 1 month and 79% (15/19) at 3–6 months following IECT. Fifteen patients received a pneumococcal vaccine after IECT, but none achieved seroprotective response. One patient received the tetanus-diphtheria vaccine and had a seroprotective antibody response. Because some patients experience loss of immunity after IECT, studies evaluating vaccination strategies post-IECT are needed.
AB - Patients undergoing immune effector cell therapy (IECT) are at high risk for infections. We assessed seropositivity against pneumococcus, tetanus, and diphtheria in patients before and after IECT and the patients’ response to vaccination. We enrolled patients who underwent IECT from January 2020 to March 2022. Antibody levels for diphtheria, tetanus, and pneumococcus were measured before IECT, at 1 month, and 3–6 months after. Eligible patients were vaccinated after IECT. In non-seroprotected patients, we discontinued testing. Before IECT, most patients had seroprotective antibody levels against tetanus (68/69, 99%) and diphtheria (65/69, 94%), but fewer did against pneumococcus (24/67, 36%). After IECT, all patients had seroprotective antibody levels for tetanus at 1 month (68/68) and 3–6 months (56/56). For diphtheria, 65/65 patients (100%) had seroprotective antibody levels at 1 month, and 48/53 (91%) did at 3–6 months. For pneumococcus, seroprotective antibody levels were identified in 91% (21/23) of patients at 1 month and 79% (15/19) at 3–6 months following IECT. Fifteen patients received a pneumococcal vaccine after IECT, but none achieved seroprotective response. One patient received the tetanus-diphtheria vaccine and had a seroprotective antibody response. Because some patients experience loss of immunity after IECT, studies evaluating vaccination strategies post-IECT are needed.
KW - CAR-T
KW - diphtheria
KW - humoral immunity
KW - immune effector cell therapies
KW - pneumococcus
KW - tetanus
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85205078079&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85205078079&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/vaccines12091070
DO - 10.3390/vaccines12091070
M3 - Article
C2 - 39340100
AN - SCOPUS:85205078079
SN - 2076-393X
VL - 12
JO - Vaccines
JF - Vaccines
IS - 9
M1 - 1070
ER -