Impact of Psychiatric Comorbidities on Surgical Outcomes for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Background: Psychiatric comorbidities (PCs) have been associated with poor surgical outcomes in several malignancies. However, the impact of PCs on surgical outcomes for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains largely unknown. Methods: NSCLC patients who underwent pulmonary resection at a single institution between 2006 and 2017 were included. Presence of preoperative PCs was identified by documented diagnostic codes. Demographic, histopathologic, perioperative, and survival data were analyzed. Categorical variables were compared using the χ² or Fisher exact test. Overall and disease-free survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier method. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed for 30-day readmission. Results: Among 2907 patients, PCs were present preoperatively in 180 (6%), including anxiety, 130 (72%); depression, 52 (29%); adjustment disorder, 28 (16%); alcohol abuse, 16 (9%); sleep disorder, 8 (4%); and schizophrenia, 3 (2%). Patients with PCs were younger, with fewer cardiovascular complications. There were no differences in length of stay. However, PCs led to increased 30-day readmission (12% vs 6%, P =.004). Reasons for readmission did not differ between groups (P =.679). Multivariable analysis showed PCs independently predicted 30-day readmission (odds ratio, 2.00; P =.005). Importantly, there were no differences in 30- or 90-day mortality (P =.495 and P =.748, respectively), overall survival (P =.439), or disease-free survival (P =.924). Conclusions: NSCLC patients with and without PCs experienced similar perioperative and long-term outcomes, suggesting that individuals should not be denied surgical care on the basis of such comorbidities. However, further research should seek to identify reasons for increased risk of readmission for patients with PCs and validate these findings in other settings.