Incidence of myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia in patients receiving poly-ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors for the treatment of solid tumors: A meta-analysis of randomized trials

Roni Nitecki, Alexander Melamed, Allison A. Gockley, Jessica Floyd, Kate J. Krause, Robert Coleman, Ursula A. Matulonis, Sharon H. Giordano, Karen H. Lu, J. Alejandro Rauh-Hain

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

20 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background: Clinical trials demonstrated that PARPi (poly [adenosine diphosphate–ribose]-ADP polymerase inhibitor) therapy is effective in solid tumors. However, long term effects such as therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myeloid leukemia (MDS/AML) are poorly described. We sought to quantify whether PARPi therapy is associated with the development of MDS/AML. Methods: Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched (inception to January 6, 2020) and phase 2 and 3 clinical trials that randomized patients with solid tumors to a PARPi or control therapy were included. The PRISMA guidelines were used to extract data independently by multiple authors. We extracted person-time and number of cases of MDS/AML in the PARPi and control arms of each study and pooled results with a random-effects Poisson regression model. The pooled incidence rate ratio (IRR) for MDS/AML among patients randomized to PARPi therapy was compared to those randomized to a control. Results: We identified 14 studies that included 5739 patients. Accounting for intra-study clustering, the risk of MDS/AML was similar in patients who were randomly assigned to receive PARPi compared to controls (IRR 1.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.78–2.26). In the front-line setting, PARPi therapy was associated with developing MDS/AML (IRR 5.43, 95% CI 1.51–19.60). Among patients treated for recurrence, however, the risk of MDS/AML appeared to be similar among patients randomized to PARPi or control treatment. Among studies that included only patients with a BRCA mutation, the risk of MDS/AML was similar in both treatment groups (IRR 0.83, 95% CI 0.45–1.53), but PARPi therapy was associated with MDS/AML in studies with an unrestricted population (IRR 2.43, 95% CI 1.17–5.06). Conclusion: The pooled overall effect was not statistically significant. However, treatment with PARPi was associated with a statistically significant increase in the incidence of MDS/AML among patients receiving front-line cancer therapy and those with limited prior exposure to chemotherapy.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)653-659
Number of pages7
JournalGynecologic oncology
Volume161
Issue number3
DOIs
StatePublished - Jun 2021

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Oncology
  • Obstetrics and Gynecology

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