TY - JOUR
T1 - Mixed Effect Modeling of Dose and Linear Energy Transfer Correlations With Brain Image Changes After Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy for Skull Base Head and Neck Cancer
AU - Engeseth, Grete May
AU - He, Renjie
AU - Mirkovic, Dragan
AU - Yepes, Pablo
AU - Mohamed, Abdallah Sherif Radwan
AU - Stieb, Sonja
AU - Fuller, Clifton Dave
AU - Wu, Richard
AU - Zhang, Xiadong
AU - Hysing, Liv Bolstad
AU - Pettersen, Helge Egil Seime
AU - Stokkevåg, Camilla Hanquist
AU - Mohan, Radhe
AU - Frank, Steven Jay
AU - Gunn, Gary Brandon
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Author(s)
PY - 2021/11/1
Y1 - 2021/11/1
N2 - Purpose: Intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) could yield high linear energy transfer (LET) in critical structures and increased biological effect. For head and neck cancers at the skull base this could potentially result in radiation-associated brain image change (RAIC). The purpose of the current study was to investigate voxel-wise dose and LET correlations with RAIC after IMPT. Methods and Materials: For 15 patients with RAIC after IMPT, contrast enhancement observed on T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging was contoured and coregistered to the planning computed tomography. Monte Carlo calculated dose and dose-averaged LET (LETd) distributions were extracted at voxel level and associations with RAIC were modelled using uni- and multivariate mixed effect logistic regression. Model performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and precision-recall curve. Results: An overall statistically significant RAIC association with dose and LETd was found in both the uni- and multivariate analysis. Patient heterogeneity was considerable, with standard deviation of the random effects of 1.81 (1.30-2.72) for dose and 2.68 (1.93-4.93) for LETd, respectively. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.93 and 0.95 for the univariate dose-response model and multivariate model, respectively. Analysis of the LETd effect demonstrated increased risk of RAIC with increasing LETd for the majority of patients. Estimated probability of RAIC with LETd = 1 keV/µm was 4% (95% confidence interval, 0%, 0.44%) and 29% (95% confidence interval, 0.01%, 0.92%) for 60 and 70 Gy, respectively. The TD15 were estimated to be 63.6 and 50.1 Gy with LETd equal to 2 and 5 keV/µm, respectively. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the LETd effect could be of clinical significance for some patients; LETd assessment in clinical treatment plans should therefore be taken into consideration.
AB - Purpose: Intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) could yield high linear energy transfer (LET) in critical structures and increased biological effect. For head and neck cancers at the skull base this could potentially result in radiation-associated brain image change (RAIC). The purpose of the current study was to investigate voxel-wise dose and LET correlations with RAIC after IMPT. Methods and Materials: For 15 patients with RAIC after IMPT, contrast enhancement observed on T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging was contoured and coregistered to the planning computed tomography. Monte Carlo calculated dose and dose-averaged LET (LETd) distributions were extracted at voxel level and associations with RAIC were modelled using uni- and multivariate mixed effect logistic regression. Model performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and precision-recall curve. Results: An overall statistically significant RAIC association with dose and LETd was found in both the uni- and multivariate analysis. Patient heterogeneity was considerable, with standard deviation of the random effects of 1.81 (1.30-2.72) for dose and 2.68 (1.93-4.93) for LETd, respectively. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.93 and 0.95 for the univariate dose-response model and multivariate model, respectively. Analysis of the LETd effect demonstrated increased risk of RAIC with increasing LETd for the majority of patients. Estimated probability of RAIC with LETd = 1 keV/µm was 4% (95% confidence interval, 0%, 0.44%) and 29% (95% confidence interval, 0.01%, 0.92%) for 60 and 70 Gy, respectively. The TD15 were estimated to be 63.6 and 50.1 Gy with LETd equal to 2 and 5 keV/µm, respectively. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the LETd effect could be of clinical significance for some patients; LETd assessment in clinical treatment plans should therefore be taken into consideration.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85111029606&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85111029606&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.06.016
DO - 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.06.016
M3 - Article
C2 - 34153379
AN - SCOPUS:85111029606
SN - 0360-3016
VL - 111
SP - 684
EP - 692
JO - International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics
JF - International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics
IS - 3
ER -