Olfactory neuroblastoma: The 22-year experience at one comprehensive cancer center

Background. Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is a rare tumor arising from the olfactory neuroepithelium. There is no universally accepted staging system, and treatment approaches lack uniformity. We present one institution's experience with this tumor and the results of therapy. Methods. Thirty patients treated for ONB at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center between 1979 and 2002 were retrospectively reviewed. The diagnosis of ONB was histologically confirmed for each patient. Results. The mean follow-up was 7.32 years. In 77% of cases, patients received treatment with surgery followed by postoperative radiation therapy. Sixteen percent received chemotherapy as part of their initial treatment. Overall 5-year and 10-year survival rates were 89% and 81%, respectively. Nine patients whose disease was initially stage C had a recurrence. The mean time for recurrence was 4.67 years. Conclusions. The M. D. Anderson Cancer Center approach to ONB is complete surgical resection, usually involving a eraniofacial approach, with postoperative radiation therapy. This approach seems to be curative in early-stage disease. Late recurrence warrants long-term follow-up.