Abstract
During the perioperative of any major surgery, there is an intense activation of the sympathetic nervous system, the hypothalamus-pituitaryadrenal axis, and several cellular and soluble components of the inflammatory cascade. All together elements are part so-called stress response. Two characteristics of an exaggerated and uncontrolled stress response are exhaustion and immune suppression. This last, in particular, is relevant in the context of cancer surgery because can lead to growth of any potential postoperative minimal residual disease. To complicate more this matter, anesthetics, opioids and blood transfusions can also contribute to the so-called perioperative immune suppression and cancer growth. Hence, surgeons and anesthesiologist have tried to developed pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions targeted to avoid the unwanted effects of an exaggerated stress response.
Original language | English (US) |
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Title of host publication | General and Abdominal Surgery |
Subtitle of host publication | Practices, Potential Complications and Postoperative Management and Outcomes |
Publisher | Nova Science Publishers, Inc. |
Pages | 77-99 |
Number of pages | 23 |
ISBN (Electronic) | 9781631174414 |
ISBN (Print) | 9781631174407 |
State | Published - Jan 1 2014 |
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General Medicine