Abstract
Despite the 40-year reign of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) as the most effective immunotherapy in urologic cancers, a lack of clinical tools to predict treatment response has hampered progress in the field. Acting as an immunostimulatory agent against a multitude of phenotypically diverse non–muscle-invasive bladder cancers, response to BCG likely depends on both tumor characteristics as well as host factors. With a deeper understanding of the tumor biology as well as the mechanism of action underpinning immunotherapy, newer and more effective clinical tools are being constructed to improve patient selection.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 23-33 |
Number of pages | 11 |
Journal | Urologic Clinics of North America |
Volume | 47 |
Issue number | 1 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Feb 2020 |
Keywords
- BCG
- BCG-unresponsive disease
- Bladder cancer
- Immunotherapy
- Intravesical therapy
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Urology