TY - GEN
T1 - Prenatal alcohol exposure increases vulnerability to stress and anxiety-like disorders in adulthood
AU - Hellemans, Kim G.C.
AU - Verma, Pamela
AU - Yoon, Esther
AU - Yu, Wayne
AU - Weinberg, Joanne
PY - 2008/11
Y1 - 2008/11
N2 - Children and adults with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) have elevated rates of depression and anxiety disorders compared to control populations. The effects of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) on anxiety, locomotor activity, and hormonal reactivity in male and female rats tested on the elevated plus maze (EPM), a task commonly used to assess anxiety-like behaviors in rodents, were examined. Pregnant dams were assigned to PAE, pair-fed (PF), or ad libitum-fed control (C) groups. At adulthood, half of all male (N = 60) and female (N = 60) PAE, PF, and C offspring were exposed to 10 days of chronic mild stress (CMS); the other half remained undisturbed. Animals were then tested on the EPM, and blood collected 30 min posttest for analysis of corticosterone (CORT), testosterone, estradiol, and progesterone. Overall, CMS exposure produced a significant anxiogenic profile. Moreover, CMS increased anxiety-like behavior in PAE males and females compared to controls and eliminated the locomotor hyperactivity observed in nonstressed PAE females. CMS also increased post-EPM CORT, testosterone, and progesterone levels in all groups, with CORT and progesterone levels significantly higher in PAE than in C females. By contrast, CMS selectively lowered estradiol levels in PAE and PF, but not C, females. CMS exposure reveals sexually dimorphic behavioral and endocrine alterations in PAE compared to C animals. Together, these data suggest the possibility that fetal reprogramming of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and -gonadal (HPG) systems by alcohol may underlie, at least partly, an enhanced susceptibility of fetal alcohol-exposed offspring to depression/anxiety-like disorders in adulthood.
AB - Children and adults with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) have elevated rates of depression and anxiety disorders compared to control populations. The effects of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) on anxiety, locomotor activity, and hormonal reactivity in male and female rats tested on the elevated plus maze (EPM), a task commonly used to assess anxiety-like behaviors in rodents, were examined. Pregnant dams were assigned to PAE, pair-fed (PF), or ad libitum-fed control (C) groups. At adulthood, half of all male (N = 60) and female (N = 60) PAE, PF, and C offspring were exposed to 10 days of chronic mild stress (CMS); the other half remained undisturbed. Animals were then tested on the EPM, and blood collected 30 min posttest for analysis of corticosterone (CORT), testosterone, estradiol, and progesterone. Overall, CMS exposure produced a significant anxiogenic profile. Moreover, CMS increased anxiety-like behavior in PAE males and females compared to controls and eliminated the locomotor hyperactivity observed in nonstressed PAE females. CMS also increased post-EPM CORT, testosterone, and progesterone levels in all groups, with CORT and progesterone levels significantly higher in PAE than in C females. By contrast, CMS selectively lowered estradiol levels in PAE and PF, but not C, females. CMS exposure reveals sexually dimorphic behavioral and endocrine alterations in PAE compared to C animals. Together, these data suggest the possibility that fetal reprogramming of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and -gonadal (HPG) systems by alcohol may underlie, at least partly, an enhanced susceptibility of fetal alcohol-exposed offspring to depression/anxiety-like disorders in adulthood.
KW - Anxiety
KW - Behavior
KW - Chronic mild stress
KW - Early adversity
KW - Elevated plus maze
KW - Fetal programming
KW - HPA axis
KW - HPG axis
KW - Prenatal alcohol exposure
KW - Sex differences
KW - Sprague-Dawley
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=56649120669&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=56649120669&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1196/annals.1418.016
DO - 10.1196/annals.1418.016
M3 - Conference contribution
C2 - 19076375
AN - SCOPUS:56649120669
SN - 9781573317047
T3 - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
SP - 154
EP - 175
BT - Neural Signaling Opportunities for Novel Diagnostic Approaches and Therapies
PB - Blackwell Publishing Inc.
ER -