Relationship of Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Perfusion, and Other Disease Factors to Neuropsychological Outcome in Sickle Cell Disease

Objective: To investigate the relationship between neuropsychological functioning and radiographic findings in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) with no history of clinical neurological events. Methods: Thirty-one patients with SCD randomly selected from a regional treatment center underwent neuropsychological and disease severity assessments. Of these, 22 also had structural magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance perfusion studies performed. Results: Forty-five percent of the imaged subgroup showed imaging abnormalities that were found to be correlated with disease severity but not neuropsychological level of performance indices. A significant relationship, however, was found between imaging abnormalities and increased variability in neuropsychological performance. Conclusions: These results corroborate the high rate of rheologic and vascular pathology in SCD and underscore the importance of representing neuropsychological functioning in multiple ways.