Role of infliximab in immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced pneumonitis

Introduction: Since immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) blockade has become standard therapy for many cancers, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) have increased. ICI-pneumonitis is infrequent but potentially fatal. In cases not responsive to corticosteroids, additional immunosuppression is recommended. Data for use of infliximab in ≥ grade 3 pneumonitis is sparse. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of patients who received infliximab for ICI-pneumonitis from March 2016 to October 2018 was performed. Clinical characteristics were reviewed. Results: Nine patients (44% women) with ≥ grade 3 pneumonitis were included. Concurrent/prior irAEs were present in 55%. Bronchoscopy was performed in 67%. Median corticosteroid dose was 1.2 mg/kg prior to infliximab, and time from administration of corticosteroids to infliximab ranged from 2 to 34 days. Four patients improved, but the remainder died. Conclusion: We report improvement of ICI-pneumonitis with infliximab in 4 out of 9 patients in a small, retrospective cohort. Further prospective randomized controlled trials are needed.