TY - JOUR
T1 - Small Bowel Neuroendocrine Neoplasms - A Review
AU - Vulasala, Sai Swarupa
AU - Virarkar, Mayur
AU - Gopireddy, Dheeraj
AU - Waters, Rebecca
AU - Alkhasawneh, Ahmad
AU - Awad, Ziad
AU - Maxwell, Jessica
AU - Ramani, Nisha
AU - Kumar, Sindhu
AU - Onteddu, Nirmal
AU - Morani, Ajaykumar C.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
PY - 2024/7/1
Y1 - 2024/7/1
N2 - Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are rapidly evolving small bowel tumors, and the patients are asymptomatic at the initial stages. Metastases are commonly observed at the time of presentation and diagnosis. This review addresses the small bowel NEN (SB-NEN) and its molecular, histological, and imaging features, which aid diagnosis and therapy guidance. Somatic cell number alterations and epigenetic mutations are studied to be responsible for sporadic and familial SB-NEN. The review also describes the grading of SB-NEN in addition to rare histological findings such as mixed neuroendocrine-non-NENs. Anatomic and nuclear imaging with conventional computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomographic enterography, and positron emission tomography are adopted in clinical practice for diagnosing, staging, and follow-up of NEN. Along with the characteristic imaging features of SB-NEN, the therapeutic aspects of imaging, such as peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, are discussed in this review.
AB - Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are rapidly evolving small bowel tumors, and the patients are asymptomatic at the initial stages. Metastases are commonly observed at the time of presentation and diagnosis. This review addresses the small bowel NEN (SB-NEN) and its molecular, histological, and imaging features, which aid diagnosis and therapy guidance. Somatic cell number alterations and epigenetic mutations are studied to be responsible for sporadic and familial SB-NEN. The review also describes the grading of SB-NEN in addition to rare histological findings such as mixed neuroendocrine-non-NENs. Anatomic and nuclear imaging with conventional computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomographic enterography, and positron emission tomography are adopted in clinical practice for diagnosing, staging, and follow-up of NEN. Along with the characteristic imaging features of SB-NEN, the therapeutic aspects of imaging, such as peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, are discussed in this review.
KW - NEN management
KW - neuroendocrine neoplasms
KW - PET/CT
KW - PRRT
KW - small bowel
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85198679403&partnerID=8YFLogxK
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U2 - 10.1097/RCT.0000000000001541
DO - 10.1097/RCT.0000000000001541
M3 - Review article
C2 - 38110305
AN - SCOPUS:85198679403
SN - 0363-8715
VL - 48
SP - 563
EP - 576
JO - Journal of computer assisted tomography
JF - Journal of computer assisted tomography
IS - 4
ER -