Abstract
The estrogen receptor (ER) is the most important member of the nuclear receptor superfamily that controls the replication or apoptotic death of selected populations of breast cancer cells. The progesterone receptor is an estrogen-regulated protein in breast cancer that plays a role in predicting the hormone dependence of metastatic breast cancer. The mechanism of action of all effective antihormonal agents (tamoxifen, fulvestrant, aromatase inhibitors) is mediated through the ER signal transduction pathway and prevents estrogen action in the tumor cell. Tamoxifen is the pioneering selective ER modulator (SERM) that has estrogen-like effects in bone and the cardiovascular system, but antiestrogenic actions in breast cancer. The monthly depot injectable fulvestrant is a selective ER downregulator (SERD) that destroys the tumor ER and ERs throughout postmenopausal patient's body. There is a current search for an orally active SERD.
Original language | English (US) |
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Title of host publication | The Breast |
Subtitle of host publication | Comprehensive Management of Benign and Malignant Diseases |
Publisher | Elsevier Inc. |
Pages | 272-281.e2 |
ISBN (Print) | 9780323359559 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 2018 |
Keywords
- Androgen receptor
- Aromatase inhibitors
- Estrogen receptor
- Estrogen-induced apoptosis
- Fulvestrant
- Glucocorticoid receptor
- Progesterone receptor
- Selective estrogen receptor downregulator
- Selective estrogen receptor modulator
- Tamoxifen
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General Medicine