A Case of Light Chain Deposition Disease Leading to Acute Liver Failure and Review of Literature

Mustafa Gandhi, Syed Bilal Pasha, Emily Reznicek, Syed Raheel Pasha, Hamza Ertugrul, Adel Araslanova, Feng Yin, Veysel Tahan

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Light chain deposition disease (LCDD) is a monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease characterized by light chain deposition in soft tissues and viscera, causing systemic organ dysfunction with an underlying lymphoproliferative disorder. While the kidney is the most affected organ, cardiac and hepatic involvement is also seen with LCDD. Hepatic manifestation can range from mild hepatic injury to fulminant liver failure. Herein, we are presenting a case of an 83-year-old woman with a monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), who presented to our institution with acute liver failure progressing to circulatory shock and multiorgan failure. After an extensive workup, a diagnosis of hepatic LCDD was determined. In conjunction with the hematology and oncology department, chemotherapy options were discussed, but given her poor prognosis, the family decided to pursue a palliative route. Though establishing a prompt diagnosis is important for any acute condition, the rarity of this condition, along with paucity of data, makes timely diagnosis and treatment challenging. The available literature shows variable rates of success with chemotherapy for systemic LCDD. Despite chemotherapeutic advances, liver failure in LCDD indicates a dismal prognosis, where further clinical trials are difficult owing to the low prevalence of the condition. In our article, we will also be reviewing previous case reports on this disease.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Article number24
JournalDiseases
Volume11
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - Mar 2023

Keywords

  • acute kidney injury
  • acute liver failure
  • gammopathy
  • immune
  • light change deposition disease
  • monoclonal
  • plasma cells

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • General Medicine

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