A nomogram for predicting the benefit of adjuvant cytokine-induced killer cell immunotherapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Qiu Zhong Pan; Qi Jing Wang; Jia Qiang Dan; Ke Pan; Yong Qiang Li; Yao Jun Zhang; Jing Jing Zhao; De Sheng Weng; Yan Tang; Li Xi Huang; Jia He; Shi Ping Chen; Miao La Ke; Min Shan Chen; Max S. Wicha; Alfred E. Chang; Yi Xin Zeng; Qiao Li; Jian Chuan Xia

doi:10.1038/srep09202

A nomogram for predicting the benefit of adjuvant cytokine-induced killer cell immunotherapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Qiu Zhong Pan, Qi Jing Wang, Jia Qiang Dan, Ke Pan, Yong Qiang Li, Yao Jun Zhang, Jing Jing Zhao, De Sheng Weng, Yan Tang, Li Xi Huang, Jia He, Shi Ping Chen, Miao La Ke, Min Shan Chen, Max S. Wicha, Alfred E. Chang, Yi Xin Zeng, Qiao Li, Jian Chuan Xia

Melanoma Medical Oncology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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Abstract

The benefits of adjuvant cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain mixed among patients. Here, we constructed a prognostic nomogram to enable individualized predictions of survival benefit of adjuvant CIK cell treatment for HCC patients. Survival analysis showed that the median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) for patients in the hepatectomy/CIK combination group were 41 and 16 months, respectively, compared to 28 and 12 months for patients in the hepatectomy alone group (control). Based on multivariate analysis of the entire cohort, independent factors for OS were tumor size, tumor capsule, pathological grades, total bilirubin, albumin, prothrombin time, alpha-fetoprotein, and tumor number, which were incorporated into the nomogram. The survival prediction model performed well, as assessed by the c-index and calibration curve. Internal validation revealed a c-index of 0.698, which was significantly greater than the c-index value of the TNM (tumor-node-metastasis) staging systems of 0.634. The calibration curves fitted well. In conclusions, our developed nomogram resulted in more accurate individualized predictions of the survival benefit from adjuvant CIK cell treatment after hepatectomy. The model may provide valuable information to aid in the decision making regarding the application of adjuvant CIK cell immunotherapy.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	9202
Journal	Scientific reports
Volume	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/srep09202
State	Published - Mar 17 2015

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Pan, Q. Z., Wang, Q. J., Dan, J. Q., Pan, K., Li, Y. Q., Zhang, Y. J., Zhao, J. J., Weng, D. S., Tang, Y., Huang, L. X., He, J., Chen, S. P., Ke, M. L., Chen, M. S., Wicha, M. S., Chang, A. E., Zeng, Y. X., Li, Q., & Xia, J. C. (2015). A nomogram for predicting the benefit of adjuvant cytokine-induced killer cell immunotherapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Scientific reports, 5, Article 9202. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep09202

Pan, QZ, Wang, QJ, Dan, JQ, Pan, K, Li, YQ, Zhang, YJ, Zhao, JJ, Weng, DS, Tang, Y, Huang, LX, He, J, Chen, SP, Ke, ML, Chen, MS, Wicha, MS, Chang, AE, Zeng, YX, Li, Q & Xia, JC 2015, 'A nomogram for predicting the benefit of adjuvant cytokine-induced killer cell immunotherapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma', Scientific reports, vol. 5, 9202. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep09202

@article{9093bc8ce9d94b1285607eb845d34a36,

title = "A nomogram for predicting the benefit of adjuvant cytokine-induced killer cell immunotherapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma",

abstract = "The benefits of adjuvant cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain mixed among patients. Here, we constructed a prognostic nomogram to enable individualized predictions of survival benefit of adjuvant CIK cell treatment for HCC patients. Survival analysis showed that the median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) for patients in the hepatectomy/CIK combination group were 41 and 16 months, respectively, compared to 28 and 12 months for patients in the hepatectomy alone group (control). Based on multivariate analysis of the entire cohort, independent factors for OS were tumor size, tumor capsule, pathological grades, total bilirubin, albumin, prothrombin time, alpha-fetoprotein, and tumor number, which were incorporated into the nomogram. The survival prediction model performed well, as assessed by the c-index and calibration curve. Internal validation revealed a c-index of 0.698, which was significantly greater than the c-index value of the TNM (tumor-node-metastasis) staging systems of 0.634. The calibration curves fitted well. In conclusions, our developed nomogram resulted in more accurate individualized predictions of the survival benefit from adjuvant CIK cell treatment after hepatectomy. The model may provide valuable information to aid in the decision making regarding the application of adjuvant CIK cell immunotherapy.",

author = "Pan, {Qiu Zhong} and Wang, {Qi Jing} and Dan, {Jia Qiang} and Ke Pan and Li, {Yong Qiang} and Zhang, {Yao Jun} and Zhao, {Jing Jing} and Weng, {De Sheng} and Yan Tang and Huang, {Li Xi} and Jia He and Chen, {Shi Ping} and Ke, {Miao La} and Chen, {Min Shan} and Wicha, {Max S.} and Chang, {Alfred E.} and Zeng, {Yi Xin} and Qiao Li and Xia, {Jian Chuan}",

note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by a grant from the Health Industry Scientific Research Project (200902002-2) and the Guangdong Province Science and Technology Plan Project, China (2011A030400004). This work was also supported in part by the Gillson Longenbaugh Foundation. We thank Shu-Biao Ye for his excellent help with statistical analysis.",

year = "2015",

month = mar,

day = "17",

doi = "10.1038/srep09202",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "5",

journal = "Scientific reports",

issn = "2045-2322",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - A nomogram for predicting the benefit of adjuvant cytokine-induced killer cell immunotherapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

AU - Pan, Qiu Zhong

AU - Wang, Qi Jing

AU - Dan, Jia Qiang

AU - Pan, Ke

AU - Li, Yong Qiang

AU - Zhang, Yao Jun

AU - Zhao, Jing Jing

AU - Weng, De Sheng

AU - Tang, Yan

AU - Huang, Li Xi

AU - He, Jia

AU - Chen, Shi Ping

AU - Ke, Miao La

AU - Chen, Min Shan

AU - Wicha, Max S.

AU - Chang, Alfred E.

AU - Zeng, Yi Xin

AU - Li, Qiao

AU - Xia, Jian Chuan

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by a grant from the Health Industry Scientific Research Project (200902002-2) and the Guangdong Province Science and Technology Plan Project, China (2011A030400004). This work was also supported in part by the Gillson Longenbaugh Foundation. We thank Shu-Biao Ye for his excellent help with statistical analysis.

PY - 2015/3/17

Y1 - 2015/3/17

N2 - The benefits of adjuvant cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain mixed among patients. Here, we constructed a prognostic nomogram to enable individualized predictions of survival benefit of adjuvant CIK cell treatment for HCC patients. Survival analysis showed that the median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) for patients in the hepatectomy/CIK combination group were 41 and 16 months, respectively, compared to 28 and 12 months for patients in the hepatectomy alone group (control). Based on multivariate analysis of the entire cohort, independent factors for OS were tumor size, tumor capsule, pathological grades, total bilirubin, albumin, prothrombin time, alpha-fetoprotein, and tumor number, which were incorporated into the nomogram. The survival prediction model performed well, as assessed by the c-index and calibration curve. Internal validation revealed a c-index of 0.698, which was significantly greater than the c-index value of the TNM (tumor-node-metastasis) staging systems of 0.634. The calibration curves fitted well. In conclusions, our developed nomogram resulted in more accurate individualized predictions of the survival benefit from adjuvant CIK cell treatment after hepatectomy. The model may provide valuable information to aid in the decision making regarding the application of adjuvant CIK cell immunotherapy.

AB - The benefits of adjuvant cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain mixed among patients. Here, we constructed a prognostic nomogram to enable individualized predictions of survival benefit of adjuvant CIK cell treatment for HCC patients. Survival analysis showed that the median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) for patients in the hepatectomy/CIK combination group were 41 and 16 months, respectively, compared to 28 and 12 months for patients in the hepatectomy alone group (control). Based on multivariate analysis of the entire cohort, independent factors for OS were tumor size, tumor capsule, pathological grades, total bilirubin, albumin, prothrombin time, alpha-fetoprotein, and tumor number, which were incorporated into the nomogram. The survival prediction model performed well, as assessed by the c-index and calibration curve. Internal validation revealed a c-index of 0.698, which was significantly greater than the c-index value of the TNM (tumor-node-metastasis) staging systems of 0.634. The calibration curves fitted well. In conclusions, our developed nomogram resulted in more accurate individualized predictions of the survival benefit from adjuvant CIK cell treatment after hepatectomy. The model may provide valuable information to aid in the decision making regarding the application of adjuvant CIK cell immunotherapy.

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DO - 10.1038/srep09202

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VL - 5

JO - Scientific reports

JF - Scientific reports

M1 - 9202

ER -

A nomogram for predicting the benefit of adjuvant cytokine-induced killer cell immunotherapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

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