TY - JOUR
T1 - A Phase 2 Trial of Response-Based Radiation Therapy for Localized Central Nervous System Germ Cell Tumors
T2 - Patterns of Failure and Radiation Dosimetry for Nongerminomatous Germ Cell Tumors
AU - Murphy, Erin S.
AU - Dhall, Girish
AU - Fangusaro, Jason
AU - Bartels, Ute
AU - Fouladi, Maryam
AU - Shaw, Dennis
AU - Khatua, Soumen
AU - Hughes, Chris Williams
AU - Panigraphy, Ashok
AU - Ioakeim-Ioannidou, Myrsini
AU - Souweidane, Mark
AU - Morris, David
AU - Gajjar, Amar
AU - Wu, Shengjie
AU - Onar-Thomas, Arzu
AU - Haas-Kogan, Daphne A.
AU - MacDonald, Shannon M.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021
PY - 2022/5/1
Y1 - 2022/5/1
N2 - Purpose: Children's Oncology Group study ACNS1123 tested the efficacy of reduced dose and field of radiation therapy (RT) for patients with localized nongerminomatous germ cell tumors (NGGCT) who achieved a complete (CR) or partial response (PR) to chemotherapy. Here, we evaluate the quality of RT and patterns of failure for patients eligible for reduced RT in this phase 2 trial. Methods and Materials: Patients with localized NGGCT with CR/PR after induction chemotherapy received reduced RT to 30.6 Gy whole ventricular irradiation and 54 Gy tumor-bed total dose. An atlas was provided to assist with complex RT volumes. Early interventional review was performed for the initial RT plan. Complete RT plans for all patients and images of relapsed patients were centrally reviewed at completion of therapy. Results: Between May 2012 and September 2016, 107 eligible patients were enrolled and 66 achieved a CR/PR after induction chemotherapy (± second-look surgery) and were eligible for reduced RT. Median follow-up was 4.4 years. Median age was 11.0 years (3.7-21.6), and 75% were male. Progression-free survival and overall survival at 4 years were 87.9% ± 4.0% and 92.4% ± 3.3% for 66 evaluable patients, respectively. Eight patients relapsed: 6 with isolated spinal relapse and 2 with disease in the brain and spine. After central review, 62 (94%) patients had RT targets contoured and dose delivered per protocol. None of the patients with deviations (n = 4) have progressed. Conclusions: Patterns of failure suggest the spine is at risk for recurrence for patients with localized NGGCT who receive reduced RT after a CR/PR to induction chemotherapy. Although survival data are encouraging, the pattern of failure has influenced the next prospective trial design. RT compliance was excellent despite complexity of radiation volumes, suggesting that providing visual guidance in the form of an online atlas contributes to higher quality RT plans.
AB - Purpose: Children's Oncology Group study ACNS1123 tested the efficacy of reduced dose and field of radiation therapy (RT) for patients with localized nongerminomatous germ cell tumors (NGGCT) who achieved a complete (CR) or partial response (PR) to chemotherapy. Here, we evaluate the quality of RT and patterns of failure for patients eligible for reduced RT in this phase 2 trial. Methods and Materials: Patients with localized NGGCT with CR/PR after induction chemotherapy received reduced RT to 30.6 Gy whole ventricular irradiation and 54 Gy tumor-bed total dose. An atlas was provided to assist with complex RT volumes. Early interventional review was performed for the initial RT plan. Complete RT plans for all patients and images of relapsed patients were centrally reviewed at completion of therapy. Results: Between May 2012 and September 2016, 107 eligible patients were enrolled and 66 achieved a CR/PR after induction chemotherapy (± second-look surgery) and were eligible for reduced RT. Median follow-up was 4.4 years. Median age was 11.0 years (3.7-21.6), and 75% were male. Progression-free survival and overall survival at 4 years were 87.9% ± 4.0% and 92.4% ± 3.3% for 66 evaluable patients, respectively. Eight patients relapsed: 6 with isolated spinal relapse and 2 with disease in the brain and spine. After central review, 62 (94%) patients had RT targets contoured and dose delivered per protocol. None of the patients with deviations (n = 4) have progressed. Conclusions: Patterns of failure suggest the spine is at risk for recurrence for patients with localized NGGCT who receive reduced RT after a CR/PR to induction chemotherapy. Although survival data are encouraging, the pattern of failure has influenced the next prospective trial design. RT compliance was excellent despite complexity of radiation volumes, suggesting that providing visual guidance in the form of an online atlas contributes to higher quality RT plans.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.12.166
DO - 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.12.166
M3 - Article
C2 - 34990779
AN - SCOPUS:85125485141
SN - 0360-3016
VL - 113
SP - 143
EP - 151
JO - International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics
JF - International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics
IS - 1
ER -