A study of transit time variation in the PMT with a gain programmable voltage divider for a TOF PET

Chao Wang; Hongdi Li; Shaohui An; Yuxuan Zhang; Hossain Baghaei; Rocio A. Ramirez; Shitao Liu; Wai Hoi Wong

doi:10.1109/NSSMIC.2010.5874162

A study of transit time variation in the PMT with a gain programmable voltage divider for a TOF PET

Chao Wang, Hongdi Li, Shaohui An, Yuxuan Zhang, Hossain Baghaei, Rocio A. Ramirez, Shitao Liu, Wai Hoi Wong

Cancer Systems Imaging

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

Abstract

In the front-end circuit of a Positron Emission Tomography (PET) camera, adjusting the photomultipliers (PMT) gain by changing the voltage distribution in dynodes instead of changing the total high voltage is more convenient to realize, and this method is better in signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) than using a variable-gain-amplifier (VGA) in the signal path which may induce extra noise. In this study, we revised the previous voltage divider design to achieve wider gain adjustable range which relaxes the PMT gain-spread requirement to reduce the PMT cost. An accurate test bench was used to measure the PMT transit time variation as a function of the relative gain. From the test result, within the adjustable gain range, the PMT transit time variation can be as large as several hundreds of picoseconds; and this is non-ignorable in the Time-of-Flight (TOF) applications. Hence, a time correction is required. A look-up-table (LUT) from the transit time variation vs. PMT relative gain curve is used to correct this transit time variation with the gain adjustment simultaneously without performing the time-consuming entire system timing recalibration.

Original language	English (US)
Title of host publication	IEEE Nuclear Science Symposuim and Medical Imaging Conference, NSS/MIC 2010
Pages	2155-2157
Number of pages	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2010.5874162
State	Published - 2010
Event	2010 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Medical Imaging Conference, NSS/MIC 2010 and 17th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-ray and Gamma-ray Detectors, RTSD 2010 - Knoxville, TN, United States Duration: Oct 30 2010 → Nov 6 2010

Publication series

Name	IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record
ISSN (Print)	1095-7863

Other

Other	2010 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Medical Imaging Conference, NSS/MIC 2010 and 17th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-ray and Gamma-ray Detectors, RTSD 2010
Country/Territory	United States
City	Knoxville, TN
Period	10/30/10 → 11/6/10

Keywords

PMT divider
Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
Time of Flight (TOF)

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Radiation
Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging

Access to Document

10.1109/NSSMIC.2010.5874162

Cite this

Wang, C., Li, H., An, S., Zhang, Y., Baghaei, H., Ramirez, R. A., Liu, S., & Wong, W. H. (2010). A study of transit time variation in the PMT with a gain programmable voltage divider for a TOF PET. In IEEE Nuclear Science Symposuim and Medical Imaging Conference, NSS/MIC 2010 (pp. 2155-2157). Article 5874162 (IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record). https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2010.5874162

A study of transit time variation in the PMT with a gain programmable voltage divider for a TOF PET. / Wang, Chao; Li, Hongdi; An, Shaohui et al.
IEEE Nuclear Science Symposuim and Medical Imaging Conference, NSS/MIC 2010. 2010. p. 2155-2157 5874162 (IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

Wang, C, Li, H, An, S, Zhang, Y, Baghaei, H, Ramirez, RA, Liu, S & Wong, WH 2010, A study of transit time variation in the PMT with a gain programmable voltage divider for a TOF PET. in IEEE Nuclear Science Symposuim and Medical Imaging Conference, NSS/MIC 2010., 5874162, IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, pp. 2155-2157, 2010 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Medical Imaging Conference, NSS/MIC 2010 and 17th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-ray and Gamma-ray Detectors, RTSD 2010, Knoxville, TN, United States, 10/30/10. https://doi.org/10.1109/NSSMIC.2010.5874162

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title = "A study of transit time variation in the PMT with a gain programmable voltage divider for a TOF PET",

abstract = "In the front-end circuit of a Positron Emission Tomography (PET) camera, adjusting the photomultipliers (PMT) gain by changing the voltage distribution in dynodes instead of changing the total high voltage is more convenient to realize, and this method is better in signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) than using a variable-gain-amplifier (VGA) in the signal path which may induce extra noise. In this study, we revised the previous voltage divider design to achieve wider gain adjustable range which relaxes the PMT gain-spread requirement to reduce the PMT cost. An accurate test bench was used to measure the PMT transit time variation as a function of the relative gain. From the test result, within the adjustable gain range, the PMT transit time variation can be as large as several hundreds of picoseconds; and this is non-ignorable in the Time-of-Flight (TOF) applications. Hence, a time correction is required. A look-up-table (LUT) from the transit time variation vs. PMT relative gain curve is used to correct this transit time variation with the gain adjustment simultaneously without performing the time-consuming entire system timing recalibration.",

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author = "Chao Wang and Hongdi Li and Shaohui An and Yuxuan Zhang and Hossain Baghaei and Ramirez, {Rocio A.} and Shitao Liu and Wong, {Wai Hoi}",

note = "Copyright: Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.; 2010 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Medical Imaging Conference, NSS/MIC 2010 and 17th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-ray and Gamma-ray Detectors, RTSD 2010 ; Conference date: 30-10-2010 Through 06-11-2010",

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AB - In the front-end circuit of a Positron Emission Tomography (PET) camera, adjusting the photomultipliers (PMT) gain by changing the voltage distribution in dynodes instead of changing the total high voltage is more convenient to realize, and this method is better in signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) than using a variable-gain-amplifier (VGA) in the signal path which may induce extra noise. In this study, we revised the previous voltage divider design to achieve wider gain adjustable range which relaxes the PMT gain-spread requirement to reduce the PMT cost. An accurate test bench was used to measure the PMT transit time variation as a function of the relative gain. From the test result, within the adjustable gain range, the PMT transit time variation can be as large as several hundreds of picoseconds; and this is non-ignorable in the Time-of-Flight (TOF) applications. Hence, a time correction is required. A look-up-table (LUT) from the transit time variation vs. PMT relative gain curve is used to correct this transit time variation with the gain adjustment simultaneously without performing the time-consuming entire system timing recalibration.

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A study of transit time variation in the PMT with a gain programmable voltage divider for a TOF PET

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Keywords

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