TY - JOUR
T1 - Acanthamoeba castellanii Genotype T4
T2 - Inhibition of Proteases Activity and Cytopathic Effect by Bovine Apo-Lactoferrin
AU - Ramírez-Rico, Gerardo
AU - Martinez-Castillo, Moises
AU - Cárdenas-Zúñiga, Roberto
AU - Coronado-Velázquez, Daniel
AU - Silva-Olivares, Angélica
AU - De la Garza, Mireya
AU - Shibayama, Mineko
AU - Serrano-Luna, Jesús
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 by the authors.
PY - 2023/3
Y1 - 2023/3
N2 - Acanthamoeba castellanii genotype T4 is a clinically significant free-living amoeba that causes granulomatous amoebic encephalitis and amoebic keratitis in human beings. During the initial stages of infection, trophozoites interact with various host immune responses, such as lactoferrin (Lf), in the corneal epithelium, nasal mucosa, and blood. Lf plays an important role in the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms, and evasion of the innate immune response is crucial in the colonization process. In this study, we describe the resistance of A. castellanii to the microbicidal effect of bovine apo-lactoferrin (apo-bLf) at different concentrations (25, 50, 100, and 500 µM). Acanthamoeba castellanii trophozoites incubated with apo-bLf at 500 µM for 12 h maintained 98% viability. Interestingly, despite this lack of effect on viability, our results showed that the apo-bLf inhibited the cytopathic effect of A. castellanii in MDCK cells culture, and analysis of amoebic proteases by zymography showed significant inhibition of cysteine and serine proteases by interaction with the apo-bLf. From these results, we conclude that bovine apo-Lf influences the activity of A. castellanii secretion proteases, which in turn decreases amoebic cytopathic activity.
AB - Acanthamoeba castellanii genotype T4 is a clinically significant free-living amoeba that causes granulomatous amoebic encephalitis and amoebic keratitis in human beings. During the initial stages of infection, trophozoites interact with various host immune responses, such as lactoferrin (Lf), in the corneal epithelium, nasal mucosa, and blood. Lf plays an important role in the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms, and evasion of the innate immune response is crucial in the colonization process. In this study, we describe the resistance of A. castellanii to the microbicidal effect of bovine apo-lactoferrin (apo-bLf) at different concentrations (25, 50, 100, and 500 µM). Acanthamoeba castellanii trophozoites incubated with apo-bLf at 500 µM for 12 h maintained 98% viability. Interestingly, despite this lack of effect on viability, our results showed that the apo-bLf inhibited the cytopathic effect of A. castellanii in MDCK cells culture, and analysis of amoebic proteases by zymography showed significant inhibition of cysteine and serine proteases by interaction with the apo-bLf. From these results, we conclude that bovine apo-Lf influences the activity of A. castellanii secretion proteases, which in turn decreases amoebic cytopathic activity.
KW - Acanthamoeba castellanii
KW - bovine apo-lactoferrin
KW - cysteine proteases
KW - cytopathic effect
KW - serine proteases
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85151344248&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85151344248&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/microorganisms11030708
DO - 10.3390/microorganisms11030708
M3 - Article
C2 - 36985284
AN - SCOPUS:85151344248
SN - 2076-2607
VL - 11
JO - Microorganisms
JF - Microorganisms
IS - 3
M1 - 708
ER -