Allogeneic Cell Transplantation for Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are a heterogeneous group of myeloid stem cell disorders. Primary myelofibrosis (PMF), polycythemia vera (PV), and essential thrombocythemia (ET) are collectively grouped together under chronic Philadelphia chromosome-negative MPNs compared to the distinguished Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Despite the advances made in treatments over the past decade, allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) remains the only curative treatment for patients with PMF and secondary (post-PV and post-ET) MF. Recent transplant registry studies indicate a notable increase in the use of allo-HCT in MF patients over the past 2 decades and with notable improvements in survival. In this chapter, we will provide a concise review for the role of allo-HCT in Philadelphia chromosome-negative MPNs and CML, with special focus on risk stratifications, indications of transplant, and progress in transplant strategies and transplant outcomes over the past 2 decades.