Aminopeptidase A: A nephritogenic target antigen of nephrotoxic serum

Aminopeptidase A: A nephritogenic target antigen of nephrotoxic serum. Background. We investigated potential targets of antibody-mediated glomerular injury induced with a noncomplement binding fraction of sheep anti-rat nephrotoxic serum (NTS). This model is characterized by severe complement- and leukocyte-independent proteinuria within 24 hours of NTS injection into rats. Methods. NTS-reactive glomerular cell and matrix proteins were identified by immunoprecipitation, Western blot analysis, protein sequencing, cDNA library screening, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Proteinuria was measured in rats injected with NTS from which reactivity against type IV collagen had been removed by immunoadsorption, and antibodies were eluted from the glomeruli of proteinuric rats that had been injected with unabsorbed NTS. Having identified aminopeptidase A (APA) as a major target of NTS, we studied the effect of NTS and anti-APA on mouse glomerular epithelial cells in culture. Results. NTS identified several podocyte and matrix proteins; however, APA was the only cell surface protein reactive with antibodies eluted from the glomeruli of rats injected with NTS. Although the eluate also contained reactivity to the noncollagenous domains of α1 and α3 chains of type IV collagen, immunodepletion of these antibodies did not diminish the ability of NTS to cause proteinuria. We also documented the surface expression of APA on mouse glomerular epithelial cells in culture, and found that NTS and specific anti-APA antibodies induce a time- and temperature-dependent redistribution of the antigen. Conclusions. APA, a type II integral membrane metallopeptidase, is a major target of NTS in vivo and is known to be present on the surface of podocytes. NTS-induced proteinuria is independent of reactivity to known nephritogenic matrix proteins. These findings, in combination with previous studies showing that monoclonal anti-APA antibodies induce severe proteinuria in mice, suggest that anti-APA antibodies are responsible for complement-independent proteinuria in this model.