TY - JOUR
T1 - Analysis of Mid- to Late-Gestation Phenotypes in Mice
AU - Papaioannou, Virginia E.
AU - Behringer, Richard R.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
PY - 2024/1
Y1 - 2024/1
N2 - Mid- to late gestation is characterized by tissue differentiation, maturation, organogenesis, and growth, and many mutant genes have detrimental effects during this phase of development. The outcome may be lethal before birth or may be compatible with life but result in birth defects. Some of the common causes of death during late gestation are hematopoietic defects, cardiovascular problems, and placental insufficiency. Many morphological abnormalities, lethal or not, can be investigated with gross and histological analyses or by visualization of the developing skeleton. Molecular characterization of mutant phenotypes, guided by the expression pattern of the mutant gene, can reveal disruptions in gene expression patterns of known developmental genes. Cell proliferation and cell death assays will reveal disruptions in cellular dynamics. Various modalities of 3D imaging of intact embryos can provide volumetric information about mutant phenotypes.
AB - Mid- to late gestation is characterized by tissue differentiation, maturation, organogenesis, and growth, and many mutant genes have detrimental effects during this phase of development. The outcome may be lethal before birth or may be compatible with life but result in birth defects. Some of the common causes of death during late gestation are hematopoietic defects, cardiovascular problems, and placental insufficiency. Many morphological abnormalities, lethal or not, can be investigated with gross and histological analyses or by visualization of the developing skeleton. Molecular characterization of mutant phenotypes, guided by the expression pattern of the mutant gene, can reveal disruptions in gene expression patterns of known developmental genes. Cell proliferation and cell death assays will reveal disruptions in cellular dynamics. Various modalities of 3D imaging of intact embryos can provide volumetric information about mutant phenotypes.
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U2 - 10.1101/pdb.over107973
DO - 10.1101/pdb.over107973
M3 - Review article
C2 - 37932082
AN - SCOPUS:85181587419
SN - 1940-3402
VL - 2024
JO - Cold Spring Harbor protocols
JF - Cold Spring Harbor protocols
IS - 1
ER -