TY - JOUR
T1 - Assessment of a simplified spin and gradient echo (sSAGE) approach for human brain tumor perfusion imaging
AU - Stokes, Ashley M.
AU - Skinner, Jack T.
AU - Yankeelov, Thomas
AU - Quarles, C. Chad
N1 - Funding Information:
We would like to thank Ryan Robison, PhD, for implementing the full SAGE sequence and Drs. Paul Moots, MD, and Anuradha (Bapsi) Chakravarthy, MD, for their collaboration. This work was performed at the Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, with support from NIH/NCI 1R01CA158079 and T.E.Y.’s Ingram Professorship .
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Elsevier Inc.
PY - 2016/11/1
Y1 - 2016/11/1
N2 - The goal of this study was to validate a simplified spin- and gradient-echo (sSAGE) approach to obtain T1-corrected dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging (DSC-MRI) data in a clinical brain tumor population. A five-echo SAGE sequence was used to acquire DSC-MRI data (n = 8 patients, 3 primary glioma, and 5 brain metastases). The ΔR2⁎ and ΔR2 time series obtained from a nonlinear fit of all echoes (SAGE) were compared to ΔR2⁎ and ΔR2 time series obtained analytically (sSAGE) using three echoes (two GEs and one SE). Through the use of multiple echoes, both methods removed T1 leakage effects from the ΔR2⁎ and ΔR2 time series, and the sSAGE ΔR2⁎ and ΔR2 time series were highly correlated with those from SAGE, with average correlations of 0.9. The resulting hemodynamic parameters included GE and SE cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebral blood flow (CBF), mean vessel diameter (mVD), volume transfer constant (Ktrans), and volume fraction of the extravascular extracellular space (ve). For each metric, there was good correlation (>0.86) between sSAGE and SAGE, with no significant differences. The sSAGE method provides T1-corrected GE and SE DSC-MRI parameters in an efficient and clinically feasible manner.
AB - The goal of this study was to validate a simplified spin- and gradient-echo (sSAGE) approach to obtain T1-corrected dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging (DSC-MRI) data in a clinical brain tumor population. A five-echo SAGE sequence was used to acquire DSC-MRI data (n = 8 patients, 3 primary glioma, and 5 brain metastases). The ΔR2⁎ and ΔR2 time series obtained from a nonlinear fit of all echoes (SAGE) were compared to ΔR2⁎ and ΔR2 time series obtained analytically (sSAGE) using three echoes (two GEs and one SE). Through the use of multiple echoes, both methods removed T1 leakage effects from the ΔR2⁎ and ΔR2 time series, and the sSAGE ΔR2⁎ and ΔR2 time series were highly correlated with those from SAGE, with average correlations of 0.9. The resulting hemodynamic parameters included GE and SE cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebral blood flow (CBF), mean vessel diameter (mVD), volume transfer constant (Ktrans), and volume fraction of the extravascular extracellular space (ve). For each metric, there was good correlation (>0.86) between sSAGE and SAGE, with no significant differences. The sSAGE method provides T1-corrected GE and SE DSC-MRI parameters in an efficient and clinically feasible manner.
KW - Contrast agent leakage
KW - Dynamic susceptibility-contrast MRI
KW - Perfusion imaging
KW - Permeability
KW - Spin-echo and gradient-echo EPI
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U2 - 10.1016/j.mri.2016.07.004
DO - 10.1016/j.mri.2016.07.004
M3 - Article
C2 - 27457801
AN - SCOPUS:84982822120
SN - 0730-725X
VL - 34
SP - 1248
EP - 1255
JO - Magnetic Resonance Imaging
JF - Magnetic Resonance Imaging
IS - 9
ER -