Attentional Bias to Negative Affect Moderates Negative Affect's Relationship With Smoking Abstinence

Objective: To examine whether initial orienting (IO) and inability to disengage (ITD) attention from negative affective stimuli moderate the association of negative affect with smoking abstinence during a quit attempt. Method: Data were from a longitudinal cohort study of smoking cessation (N = 424). A negative affect modified Stroop task was administered 1 week before and on quit day to measure IO and ITD. Ecological Momentary Assessments were used to create negative affect intercepts and linear slopes for the week before quitting and on quit day. Quit day and long-term abstinence measures were collected. Results: Continuation ratio logit model analyses found significant interactions for prequit negative affect slope with prequit ITD, odds ratio (OR) = 0.738 (0.57, 0.96), p =. 02, and for quit day negative affect intercept with quit day ITD, OR = 0.62 (0.41, 950), p =. 03, predicting abstinence. The Prequit Negative Affect Intercept X Prequit IO interaction predicting quit day abstinence was significant, OR = 1.42 (1.06, 1.90), p =. 02, as was the Quit Day Negative Affect Slope X Quit Day IO interaction predicting long-term abstinence, OR = 1.45 (1.02, 2.08), p =. 04. Conclusion: The hypothesis that the association of negative affect with smoking abstinence would be moderated by ITD was generally supported. Among individuals with high ITD, negative affect was inversely related to abstinence, but unrelated to abstinence among individuals with lower levels of ITD. Unexpectedly, among individuals with low IO, negative affect was inversely related to abstinence, but unrelated to abstinence among individuals with higher levels of ITD.