Barriers to Palliative Care Access in Patients With Intellectual Disability: A Scoping Review

There is limited knowledge about inequalities regarding palliative care access among patients with intellectual disability. The present scoping review aimed to identify the existing barriers that limit access to palliative care (PC) in patients with intellectual disability. Methods: We conducted a literature review on publications since 2014 from three databases (MEDLINE, Biomed Central, and Elsevier Scopus), along with hand searches in scientific journals. The review included peer-reviewed studies written in English and Spanish language with quantitative and qualitative study designs. The participants were patients with intellectual disability and health professionals who had worked with them or had experience in palliative care. Results: 22 studies met the selection criteria. The barriers identified were under referral to palliative care, reduced access, communication, and limited knowledge and experience by health professionals. Conclusion: Patients with intellectual disability do not get referred to PC frequently. Health professionals and caregivers do not recognize when it is necessary to make a referral, and they need to improve their communication abilities. Also, health care workers need more training in PC, pain management, anticipation of death, and use of opioids. More research and education on the palliative care needs and care for patients with intellectual disabilities is needed.