Biology and Management of Bladder Cancer

To the Editor: The review of the biology and management of bladder cancer by Raghavan et al. (April 19 issue)¹ did not address two major areas of investigation that should be of interest to investigators reviewing bladder cancer. The first concerns an aspect of the cause of bladder cancer; the second concerns a major method of treatment of bladder problems. Although the authors state that tobacco use, exposure to aniline dyes, phenacetin, and schistosomiasis apparently increase the risk of bladder cancer, they make no mention of chronic or recurrent bacterial infection. However, several authors have noted the association of bacterial.