TY - JOUR
T1 - Brain metastasis organotropism
AU - Yuzhalin, Arseniy E.
AU - Yu, Dihua
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; all rights reserved;.
PY - 2020/5
Y1 - 2020/5
N2 - Brain metastases are associated with poor prognosis irrespective of the primary tumor they originate from. Current treatments for brain metastases are palliative, and patients with symp-tomatic brain metastasis have a one-year survival of <20%. Lung cancer, breast cancer, and melanoma have higher incidences of brain metastases compared with other types of cancers. However, it is not very clear why some cancers metastasize to the brain more frequently than others. Studies thus far suggest that brain-specific tropism of certain types of cancers is defined by a winning combination of the following factors: unique genetic subtypes of primary tumors or its subclones enabling detachment, dissemination, blood–brain barrier penetration, plus proliferation and survival in hypoxic low-glucose microenvironment; specific transcriptomic and epigenetic changes of colony-forming metastatic cells, allowing their outgrowth; favor-able metastasis-permissive microenvironment of the brain created by interactions of cancer cells and cells in the brain through triggering inflammation, recruiting myeloid-derived sup-pressor cells, and promoting metabolic adaptation; immunosuppression resulting in the failure of adaptive immune response to recognize or kill cancer cells in the brain. Here, we briefly review recent advances in understanding brain metastasis organotropism and outline directions for future research.
AB - Brain metastases are associated with poor prognosis irrespective of the primary tumor they originate from. Current treatments for brain metastases are palliative, and patients with symp-tomatic brain metastasis have a one-year survival of <20%. Lung cancer, breast cancer, and melanoma have higher incidences of brain metastases compared with other types of cancers. However, it is not very clear why some cancers metastasize to the brain more frequently than others. Studies thus far suggest that brain-specific tropism of certain types of cancers is defined by a winning combination of the following factors: unique genetic subtypes of primary tumors or its subclones enabling detachment, dissemination, blood–brain barrier penetration, plus proliferation and survival in hypoxic low-glucose microenvironment; specific transcriptomic and epigenetic changes of colony-forming metastatic cells, allowing their outgrowth; favor-able metastasis-permissive microenvironment of the brain created by interactions of cancer cells and cells in the brain through triggering inflammation, recruiting myeloid-derived sup-pressor cells, and promoting metabolic adaptation; immunosuppression resulting in the failure of adaptive immune response to recognize or kill cancer cells in the brain. Here, we briefly review recent advances in understanding brain metastasis organotropism and outline directions for future research.
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U2 - 10.1101/cshperspect.a037242
DO - 10.1101/cshperspect.a037242
M3 - Article
C2 - 31548224
AN - SCOPUS:85080034163
SN - 2157-1422
VL - 10
JO - Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine
JF - Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine
IS - 5
M1 - a037242
ER -