@article{b7042c67eadd4d72813e119e4fcf5d89,
title = "Cardiotrophin-1, a cytokine present in embryonic muscle, supports long- term survival of spinal motoneurons",
abstract = "The muscle-derived factors required for survival of embryonic motoneurons are not clearly identified. Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1), a cytokine related to ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), is expressed at high levels in embryonic limb bud and is secreted by differentiated myotubes. In vitro, CT- 1 kept 43% of purified E14 rat motoneurons alive for 2 weeks (EC50 = 20 pM). In vivo, CT-1 protected neonatal sciatic motoneurons against the effects of axotomy. CT-1 action on motoneurons was inhibited by phosphatidylinositol- specific phospholipase C (PIPLC), suggesting that CT-1 may act through a GPI- linked component. Since no binding of CT-1 to CNTFRα was detected, CT-1 may use a novel cytokine receptor α subunit. CT-1 may be important in normal motoneuron development and as a potential tool for slowing motoneuron degeneration in human diseases.",
author = "D. Pennica and V. Arce and Swanson, {T. A.} and R. Vejsada and Pollock, {R. A.} and M. Armanini and K. Dudley and Phillips, {H. S.} and A. Rosenthal and Kato, {A. C.} and Henderson, {C. E.}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank O. deLapeyri{\`e}re and other members of INSERM Unit{\'e} 382 for many helpful discussions. We are grateful to A. Nuijens and G. Bennett for preparation of the affinity-purified CT-1 antibodies, D. Shelton and W.-P. Chan for rat CNTF, M. Rodriguez for PIPLC, C. Pinset, M. Buckingham, D. Paulin, and M. Pin{\c c}on-Raymond for gifts of muscle cell lines, G. Rougon for the C6 glioma, N. F. Paoni for help with the CT-1 protein purification, P. Weber for help with photography, and D. I. Wood for help with the graphics. This work was funded by grants to C. E. H. from INSERM, the Association Fran{\c c}aise contre les Myopathies, the Institut pour la Recherche sur la Moelle Epini{\`e}re, and to A. K. from the Swiss National Science Foundation, AFM, Sandoz Research Foundation, and Roche Research Foundation. Research fellowships were provided by the Wellcome Trust (R. A. P.) and the European Molecular Biology Organization (K. D.). ",
year = "1996",
month = jul,
doi = "10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80281-0",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "17",
pages = "63--74",
journal = "Neuron",
issn = "0896-6273",
publisher = "Cell Press",
number = "1",
}