Abstract
Modern hyperpolarization technology enhances the recordable magnetic resonance signal four to five orders of magnitude, making in vivo assessments of tracer pathways and metabolic compartments feasible. Existing hyperpolarization instrumentation and previous tracer studies using hydroxyethylpropionate (HEP) as an extracellular marker and 14-carbon label pyruvate as examples are described and reviewed as applicable to the working heart. Future metabolic imaging based on the use of hyperpolarized pyruvate needs to consider extra- and intracellular label dilution due to glycolysis, lactate oxidation and protein degradation. This dilution can substantially decrease the recordable signals from PDH flux (oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate) and other pyruvate pathways. The review of previous literature and data suggests that the 13C-alanine signal is a better index of mitochondrially oxidized pyruvate than L-lactate. These facts and considerations will help in the interpretation of the in vivo recorded hyperpolarization signals of metabolic tracers and contrast media.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 1395-1416 |
Number of pages | 22 |
Journal | Experimental Biology and Medicine |
Volume | 234 |
Issue number | 12 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Dec 2009 |
Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- Cardiovascular
- DNP
- Hyperpolarization
- Imaging
- Metabolism
- Pasadena
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology