Cationic microparticle [poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide)]-coated DNA vaccination induces a long-term immune response against foot and mouth disease in guinea pigs

Background: Foot and mouth disease (FMD) can be controlled by regular vaccination and restriction of the movement of infected animals in the endemic countries. Although presently used, tissue culture inactivated vaccine gives protection, it has several limitations, including a short duration of immunity. DNA vaccine delivered through microparticles could comprise an alternative approach to conventional vaccine when aiming to circumvent these limitations. Methods: We constructed the expression plasmid (pVAC-1D) containing 1D gene FMD virus serotype Asia 1. Poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) microparticles were prepared and coated with the pVAC-1D plasmid. Guinea pigs were vaccinated with PLG-coated and naked DNA vaccine constructs intramuscularly. The humoral response was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the serum neutralization test (SNT). Analysis of the persistence and the expression of pVAC-1D plasmid construct was carried out by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results: The humoral response lasted for 1year, as measured by ELISA and SNT. Analysis of the persistence and the expression of pVAC-1D plasmid construct by qPCR has shown that pVAC-1D expression was seen for a longer duration compared to the naked DNA vaccine. Microparticles coated plasmid DNA-injected guinea pigs were protected when challenged with FMD virus. Conclusions: The present study has shown that the delivery of plasmid coated on cationic PLG microparticles enhance the duration of immunity of the DNA vaccine constructs.