TY - JOUR
T1 - Cellular Elimination of 2′,2′-Difluorodeoxycytidine 5′-Triphosphate
T2 - A Mechanism of Self-Potentiation
AU - Heinemann, Volker
AU - Xu, Yi Zheng
AU - Chubb, Sherri
AU - Sen, Alina
AU - Plunkett, William
AU - Hertel, Larry W.
AU - Grindey, Gerald B.
AU - Heinemann, Volker
PY - 1992/2
Y1 - 1992/2
N2 - 2′,2′-Difluorodeoxycytidine (dFdC, Gemcitabine) is a deoxycytidine analogue which, after phosphorylation to the 5′-di- and 5′-triphosphate (dFdCTP), induces inhibition of DNA synthesis and cell death. We examined the values for elimination kinetics of cellular dFdCTP and found they were dependent on cellular concentration after incubation of CCRF-CEM cells with dFdC and washing into drug-free medium. When the drug was washed out at low cellular dFdCTP levels (<50 μM), dFdCTP elimination was linear (r” = 33 h), but it became biphasic at intracellular dFdCTP levels >100 MM. Although the initial elimination rate was similar at all concentrations, at higher concentrations the terminal elimination rate increased with increasing cellular dFdCTP concentration, with a nearly complete inhibition of dFdCTP elimination at 300 μM. The deamination product 2′,2′-difluorodeoxyuridine was the predominant extracellular catabolite at low cellular dFdCTP concentrations, whereas at high dFdCTP concentrations dFdC was the major excretion product. The dCMP deaminase inhibitor 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-deoxyuridine transformed the monophasic dFdCTP degradation seen at low dFdCTP levels into a biphasic process, whereas the deoxycytidine deaminase inhibitor 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrouridine had no effect on dFdCTP elimination. An in situ assay indicated that dCMP deaminase activity was inhibited in whole cells, an action that was associated with a decreased dCTPidTTP value. In addition, dFdCTP inhibited partially purified dCMP deaminase with a 50% inhibitory concentration of 0.46 mM. We conclude that dFdC-induced inhibition of dCMP deaminase resulted in a decrease of dFdCTP catabolism, contributing to the concentration-dependent elimination kinetics. This action constitutes a self-potentiation of dFdC activity.
AB - 2′,2′-Difluorodeoxycytidine (dFdC, Gemcitabine) is a deoxycytidine analogue which, after phosphorylation to the 5′-di- and 5′-triphosphate (dFdCTP), induces inhibition of DNA synthesis and cell death. We examined the values for elimination kinetics of cellular dFdCTP and found they were dependent on cellular concentration after incubation of CCRF-CEM cells with dFdC and washing into drug-free medium. When the drug was washed out at low cellular dFdCTP levels (<50 μM), dFdCTP elimination was linear (r” = 33 h), but it became biphasic at intracellular dFdCTP levels >100 MM. Although the initial elimination rate was similar at all concentrations, at higher concentrations the terminal elimination rate increased with increasing cellular dFdCTP concentration, with a nearly complete inhibition of dFdCTP elimination at 300 μM. The deamination product 2′,2′-difluorodeoxyuridine was the predominant extracellular catabolite at low cellular dFdCTP concentrations, whereas at high dFdCTP concentrations dFdC was the major excretion product. The dCMP deaminase inhibitor 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-deoxyuridine transformed the monophasic dFdCTP degradation seen at low dFdCTP levels into a biphasic process, whereas the deoxycytidine deaminase inhibitor 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrouridine had no effect on dFdCTP elimination. An in situ assay indicated that dCMP deaminase activity was inhibited in whole cells, an action that was associated with a decreased dCTPidTTP value. In addition, dFdCTP inhibited partially purified dCMP deaminase with a 50% inhibitory concentration of 0.46 mM. We conclude that dFdC-induced inhibition of dCMP deaminase resulted in a decrease of dFdCTP catabolism, contributing to the concentration-dependent elimination kinetics. This action constitutes a self-potentiation of dFdC activity.
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M3 - Article
C2 - 1732039
AN - SCOPUS:0026571795
SN - 0008-5472
VL - 52
SP - 533
EP - 539
JO - Cancer Research
JF - Cancer Research
IS - 3
ER -