Central lipopolysaccharide elevates plasma IL-6 concentration by an α- adrenoreceptor-mediated mechanism

High circulating levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) are evident after intracerebroventricular injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). To investigate the pathway of centrally induced IL-6 production, in the present study we evaluated the effects of specific α-adrenergic receptor antagonists administered peripherally on IL-6 production and hypertriglyceridemia induced by LPS administered centrally. In the first study, adult male Wistar-Furth rats were injected intracerebroventricularly with LPS. Centrally injected LPS increased plasma IL-6 and triglycerides (TG) in a dose-dependent fashion. To determine if LPS increased plasma IL-6 and TG through an α-adrenoreceptor mechanism, rats were pretreated intraperitoneally with either vehicle, phentolamine (α₁- and α₂-receptor antagonist), prazosin (α₁-receptor antagonist), or yohimbine (α₂- receptor antagonist). Thirty minutes later, rats were injected intracerebroventricularly with LPS. Whereas prazosin and yohimbine attenuated the increases in plasma IL-6 caused by LPS, phentolamine completely blocked the peripheral effects of central LPS. These data suggest that increased sympathetic activity and subsequent activation of α₁-and α₂-adrenergic receptors are important for controlling peripheral metabolic and endocrine systems when inflammatory stimuli are present in the brain.