@article{3fabd097864c4e7099083d6930191cf9,
title = "Cessation of alcohol drinking, tobacco smoking and the reversal of head and neck cancer risk",
abstract = "Background: Quitting tobacco or alcohol use has been reported to reduce the head and neck cancer risk in previous studies. However, it is unclear how many years must pass following cessation of these habits before the risk is reduced, and whether the risk ultimately declines to the level of never smokers or never drinkers. Methods: We pooled individual-level data from case-control studies in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium. Data were available from 13 studies on drinking cessation (9167 cases and 12 593 controls), and from 17 studies on smoking cessation (12 040 cases and 16 884 controls). We estimated the effect of quitting smoking and drinking on the risk of head and neck cancer and its subsites, by calculating odds ratios (ORs) using logistic regression models. Results: Quitting tobacco smoking for 1-4 years resulted in a head and neck cancer risk reduction [OR 0.70, confidence interval (CI) 0.61-0.81 compared with current smoking], with the risk reduction due to smoking cessation after ≥20 years (OR 0.23, CI 0.18-0.31), reaching the level of never smokers. For alcohol use, a beneficial effect on the risk of head and neck cancer was only observed after ≥20 years of quitting (OR 0.60, CI 0.40-0.89 compared with current drinking), reaching the level of never drinkers. Conclusions: Our results support that cessation of tobacco smoking and cessation of alcohol drinking protect against the development of head and neck cancer.",
keywords = "Alcohol drinking, Cessation, Epidemiology, Head and neck cancer, Tobacco smoking",
author = "Manuela Marron and Paolo Boffetta and Zhang, {Zuo Feng} and David Zaridze and Victor W{\"u}nsch-Filho and Winn, {Deborah M.} and Qingyi Wei and Renato Talamini and Neonila Szeszenia-Dabrowska and Sturgis, {Erich M.} and Elaine Smith and Schwartz, {Stephen M.} and Peter Rudnai and Purdue, {Mark P.} and Olshan, {Andrew F.} and Jose Eluf-Neto and Joshua Muscat and Hal Morgenstern and Ana Menezes and Michael McClean and Elena Matos and Mates, {Ioan Nicolae} and Jolanta Lissowska and Fabio Levi and Philip Lazarus and {La Vecchia}, Carlo and Sergio Koifman and Karl Kelsey and Rolando Herrero and Hayes, {Richard B.} and Silvia Franceschi and Leticia Fernandez and Eleonora Fabianova and Daudt, {Alexander W.} and {Dal Maso}, Luigino and Curado, {Maria Paula} and Gabriella Cadoni and Chu Chen and Xavier Castellsague and Stefania Boccia and Simone Benhamou and Gilles Ferro and Julien Berthiller and Paul Brennan and Henrik M{\o}ller and Mia Hashibe",
note = "Funding Information: National Institutes of Health (NIH) US, National Cancer Institute (NCI) [R03 CA113157]. The individual studies were funded by the following grants: Milan study: Italian Association for Research on Cancer (AIRC); Aviano and Italy multicentre studies: Italian Association for Research on Cancer (AIRC), Italian League Against Cancer and Italian Ministry of Research; France study: Swiss League against Cancer [KFS1069-09-2000], Fribourg League against Cancer [FOR381.88], Swiss Cancer Research [AKT 617] and Gustave-Roussy Institute [88D28]; Swiss study: Swiss League against Cancer and the Swiss Research against Cancer/Oncosuisse [KFS-700, OCS-1633]; Central Europe study: World Cancer Research Fund and the European Commission{\textquoteright}s INCO-COPERNICUS Program [Contract No. IC15-CT98-0332]; New York study: National Institutes of Health (NIH) US [P01CA068384 K07CA104231]; Seattle study: National Institutes of Health (NIH) US [R01CA048896, R01DE012609]; Boston study: National Institutes of Health (NIH) US [R01CA078609, R01CA100679]; Iowa study: National Institutes of Health (NIH) US [NIDCR R01DE11979, NIDCR R01DE13110, NIH FIRCA TW01500] and Veterans Affairs Merit Review Funds; North Carolina study: National Institutes of Health (NIH) US [R01CA61188], and in part by a grant from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P30ES010126]; Tampa study: National Institutes of Health (NIH) US [P01CA068384, K07CA104231, R01DE13158]; Los Angeles study: National Institute of Health (NIH) US [P50CA90388, R01DA11386, R03CA77954, T32CA09142, U01CA96134, R21ES011667] and the Alper Research Program for Environmental Genomics of the UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center; Houston study: National Institutes of Health (NIH) US [R01ES11740, R01CA100264]; Puerto Rico study: jointly funded by National Institutes of Health (NCI) US and NIDCR intramural programs; Latin America study: Fondo para la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (FONCYT) Argentina, IMIM (Barcelona), Funda¸c{\~a}o de Amparo {\`a} Pesquisa no Estado de S{\~a}o Paulo (FAPESP) [No 01/01768-2], and European Commission [IC18-CT97-0222]; IARC Multicenter study: Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (FIS) of the Spanish Government [FIS 97/ 0024, FIS 97/0662, BAE 01/5013], International Union Against Cancer (UICC), and Yamagiwa-Yoshida Memorial International Cancer Study Grant.",
year = "2009",
month = oct,
day = "5",
doi = "10.1093/ije/dyp291",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "39",
pages = "182--196",
journal = "International journal of epidemiology",
issn = "0300-5771",
publisher = "Oxford University Press",
number = "1",
}