TY - JOUR
T1 - Chronic Exposure to Waterpipe Smoke Elicits Immunomodulatory and Carcinogenic Effects in the Lung
AU - Hassane, Maya
AU - Rahal, Zahraa
AU - Karaoghlanian, Nareg
AU - Zhang, Jiexin
AU - Sinjab, Ansam
AU - Wong, Justin W.
AU - Lu, Wei
AU - Scheet, Paul
AU - Jack Lee, J.
AU - Raso, Maria Gabriela
AU - Solis, Luisa M.
AU - Fujimoto, Junya
AU - Chami, Hassan
AU - Shihadeh, Alan L.
AU - Kadara, Humam
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 American Association for Cancer Research Inc.. All rights reserved.
PY - 2022/7
Y1 - 2022/7
N2 - Effects of waterpipe smoking on lung pathobiology and carcinogenesis remain sparse despite the worldwide emergence of this tobacco vector. To address this gap, we investigated the effects of chronic waterpipe smoke (WPS) exposure on lung pathobiology, host immunity, and tumorigenesis using an experimental animal model that is prone to tobacco carcinogens and an exploratory observational analysis of human waterpipe smokers and nonsmokers. Mice exhibited elevated incidence of lung tumors following heavyWPS exposure (5 days/week for 20 weeks) compared to littermates with light WPS (once/week for 20 weeks) or control air. Lungs of mice exposed to heavy WPS showed augmented CD8 and CD4 T cell counts along with elevated protumor immune phenotypes including increased IL17A in T/B cells, PD-L1 on tumor and immune cells, and the proinflammatory cytokine IL1b in myeloid cells. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis showed reduced antitumor immune gene signatures in animals exposed to heavy WPS relative to control air. We also performed RNA-seq analysis of airway epithelia from bronchial brushings of cancer-free waterpipe smokers and nonsmokers undergoing diagnostic bronchoscopy. Transcriptomes of normal airway cells in waterpipe smokers, relative to waterpipe nonsmokers, harbored gene programs that were associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with lung adenocarcinoma, alluding to a WPSassociated molecular injury, like that established in response to cigarette smoking. Our findings support the notion that WPS exhibits carcinogenic effects and constitutes a possible risk factor for lung cancer as well as warrant future studies that can guide evidence-based policies for mitigating waterpipe smoking.
AB - Effects of waterpipe smoking on lung pathobiology and carcinogenesis remain sparse despite the worldwide emergence of this tobacco vector. To address this gap, we investigated the effects of chronic waterpipe smoke (WPS) exposure on lung pathobiology, host immunity, and tumorigenesis using an experimental animal model that is prone to tobacco carcinogens and an exploratory observational analysis of human waterpipe smokers and nonsmokers. Mice exhibited elevated incidence of lung tumors following heavyWPS exposure (5 days/week for 20 weeks) compared to littermates with light WPS (once/week for 20 weeks) or control air. Lungs of mice exposed to heavy WPS showed augmented CD8 and CD4 T cell counts along with elevated protumor immune phenotypes including increased IL17A in T/B cells, PD-L1 on tumor and immune cells, and the proinflammatory cytokine IL1b in myeloid cells. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis showed reduced antitumor immune gene signatures in animals exposed to heavy WPS relative to control air. We also performed RNA-seq analysis of airway epithelia from bronchial brushings of cancer-free waterpipe smokers and nonsmokers undergoing diagnostic bronchoscopy. Transcriptomes of normal airway cells in waterpipe smokers, relative to waterpipe nonsmokers, harbored gene programs that were associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with lung adenocarcinoma, alluding to a WPSassociated molecular injury, like that established in response to cigarette smoking. Our findings support the notion that WPS exhibits carcinogenic effects and constitutes a possible risk factor for lung cancer as well as warrant future studies that can guide evidence-based policies for mitigating waterpipe smoking.
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U2 - 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-21-0610
DO - 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-21-0610
M3 - Article
C2 - 35468191
AN - SCOPUS:85134084213
SN - 1940-6207
VL - 15
SP - 423
EP - 434
JO - Cancer Prevention Research
JF - Cancer Prevention Research
IS - 7
ER -