Abstract
Background: The long intracellular half-life of gemcitabine's active metabolite, difluorodeoxycytidine triphosphate (dFdCTP), suggested that small increases in peak intracellular dFdCTP levels would have a profound effect on its intracellular area under the curve (AUC). Previous studies had shown that a dose rate of 10 mg/m2/min that achieved plasma gemcitabine concentrations of 15-20 μmol/l maximized the intracellular rate of accumulation of dFdCTP. This phase I study was therefore designed to evaluate the clinical feasibility of this pharmacologically-based strategy; assessing the toxic effects and anticancer activity of high weekly doses of gemcitabine administered at a fixed dose rate of 10 mg/m2/min. Patients and methods: Thirty one patients with solid tumor malignancies received 103 courses of gemcitabine. Twenty nine patients had received prior treatment. Weekly doses were escalated from 1200 mg/m2 administered intravenously over 120 minutes to 2800 mg/m2 over 280 minutes for three weeks every four weeks, Results: The first-course MTD was 2250 mg/m2. The dose limiting toxicity was myelosuppression with thrombocytopenia and granulocytopenia quantitatively more important than anemia. However, cumulative myelosuppression was documented suggesting that a lower MTD of 1800 mg/m2 was more appropriate with a recommended phase II starting dose of 1500 mg/m2. There was no neurologic toxicity. Nonhematologic toxicity was minimal and included fatigue, nausea, and skin rash, but was not dose dependent. Three objective responses were documented. Conclusions: Escalated doses of gemcitabine designed to maximize intracellular dFdCTP levels can be safely administered using a fixed dose rate. The encouraging anticancer effects documented in patients with refractory malignancies suggests that short gemcitabine infusions based on well-established cellular pharmacologic principles may improve the therapeutic index of this agent. Comparison with Standard 30-minute bolus driving will be evaluated in subsequent randomized phase II trials.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 1003-1008 |
Number of pages | 6 |
Journal | Annals of Oncology |
Volume | 9 |
Issue number | 9 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Sep 1998 |
Keywords
- Gemcitabine
- Phase I trial
- Prolonged infusion
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Hematology
- Oncology