Comparative outcomes of thrombocytopenic acute leukemic patients with venous thromboembolism at a comprehensive cancer center

Patients with hematological malignancies often have severe thrombocytopenia, which poses problems when making thrombosis management decisions. A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical outcomes associated with different management options in acute leukemic patients with thrombocytopenia (≤ 50 × 10⁹/L) following an acute venous thromboembolic event. A total of 74 patients were divided into three treatment groups: observation only (n = 30); anticoagulation (n = 23); or inferior vena cava placement (n = 21). Multivariate analysis showed that anticoagulant administration was significantly associated with improved overall survival without an increased rate of clinical relevant bleeding events when compared to other thrombosis management modalities. This study notes that dose adjusted-anticoagulant therapy may offer a safe and clinical advantageous strategy for the treatment and secondary prevention of recurrent venous thrombosis in thrombocytopenic patients with hematologic malignancies.