TY - JOUR
T1 - Constitutive and inducible expression and regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor
AU - Xie, Keping
AU - Wei, Daoyan
AU - Shi, Qian
AU - Huang, Suyun
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported in part by Research Project Grant #RPG-00-054-01-CMS and Research Scholar Grant #CSM-106640 and #CSM-106659 from the American Cancer Society; grant 1R01-CA093829 and Cancer Center Support Core Grant CA 16672 from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health; grant BTS01 from the Brain Tumor Society; and grant LF-4 from the Lustgarten Foundation for Pancreatic Cancer Research (K. X. and S. H.). We thank Judy King for expert help in the preparation of this manuscript and Don Norwood for editorial comments.
PY - 2004/10
Y1 - 2004/10
N2 - Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which was originally discovered as vascular permeability factor, is critical to human cancer angiogenesis through its potent functions as a stimulator of endothelial cell survival, mitogenesis, migration, differentiation and self-assembly, as well as vascular permeability, immunosuppression and mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells from the bone marrow into the peripheral circulation. Genetic alterations and a chaotic tumor microenvironment, such as hypoxia, acidosis, free radicals, and cytokines, are clearly attributed to numerous abnormalities in the expression and signaling of VEGF and its receptors. These perturbations confer a tremendous survival and growth advantage to vascular endothelial cells as manifested by exuberant tumor angiogenesis and a consequent malignant phenotype. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of both inducible and constitutive VEGF expression will be crucial in designing effective therapeutic strategies targeting VEGF to control tumor growth and metastasis. In this review, molecular regulation of VEGF expression in tumor cells is discussed.
AB - Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which was originally discovered as vascular permeability factor, is critical to human cancer angiogenesis through its potent functions as a stimulator of endothelial cell survival, mitogenesis, migration, differentiation and self-assembly, as well as vascular permeability, immunosuppression and mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells from the bone marrow into the peripheral circulation. Genetic alterations and a chaotic tumor microenvironment, such as hypoxia, acidosis, free radicals, and cytokines, are clearly attributed to numerous abnormalities in the expression and signaling of VEGF and its receptors. These perturbations confer a tremendous survival and growth advantage to vascular endothelial cells as manifested by exuberant tumor angiogenesis and a consequent malignant phenotype. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of both inducible and constitutive VEGF expression will be crucial in designing effective therapeutic strategies targeting VEGF to control tumor growth and metastasis. In this review, molecular regulation of VEGF expression in tumor cells is discussed.
KW - Hypoxia
KW - Oncogenes
KW - Signaling pathway
KW - Transcription factor
KW - Tumor suppressor genes
KW - VEGF
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=4344692045&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=4344692045&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2004.04.003
DO - 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2004.04.003
M3 - Review article
C2 - 15450248
AN - SCOPUS:4344692045
SN - 1359-6101
VL - 15
SP - 297
EP - 324
JO - Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews
JF - Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews
IS - 5
ER -