TY - JOUR
T1 - Contribution of brainstem GABAA synaptic transmission to morphine analgesic tolerance
AU - Ma, Junyi
AU - Pan, Zhizhong Z.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse Grant DA14524 and by an institutional fund of UT-MD Anderson Cancer Center.
PY - 2006/5
Y1 - 2006/5
N2 - Chronic opioid-induced analgesic tolerance remains a major obstacle to improving clinical management of moderate to severe chronic pain. Our understanding of the underlying mechanisms for opioid tolerance is only partially understood at present. In this study, we investigated the effects of chronic morphine on GABAA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission, a major opioid target for pain inhibition, and the behavioral role of GABA synaptic transmission in the development of morphine tolerance. In the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM), a critical brainstem site for opioid analgesia, the GABAA receptor-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic current (IPSC) was significantly increased in NRM neurons kept in a morphine-tolerant state from chronic morphine-treated rats. The potency of cAMP analogs for enhancing the GABA IPSC was also enhanced. The protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H89 reversed the chronic morphine-induced synaptic adaptation in GABA IPSCs. Behaviorally, a low dose of GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline microinjected into the NRM, ineffective alone, blocked morphine antinociception in control rats, but failed to do so in morphine-tolerant rats. With chronic treatment through daily NRM microinjections, bicuculline augmented the development of morphine tolerance, whereas the GABAA receptor agonist muscimol or H89 significantly attenuated the development of morphine tolerance. These results suggest that chronic morphine increases GABA synaptic activity through upregulation of the AMP system in morphine-tolerant NRM neurons and that while chronic GABAA receptor antagonism in the NRM augments morphine tolerance, chronic activation of NRM GABAA receptors or PKA inhibition reduces morphine tolerance with increased analgesic efficacy of chronic morphine.
AB - Chronic opioid-induced analgesic tolerance remains a major obstacle to improving clinical management of moderate to severe chronic pain. Our understanding of the underlying mechanisms for opioid tolerance is only partially understood at present. In this study, we investigated the effects of chronic morphine on GABAA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission, a major opioid target for pain inhibition, and the behavioral role of GABA synaptic transmission in the development of morphine tolerance. In the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM), a critical brainstem site for opioid analgesia, the GABAA receptor-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic current (IPSC) was significantly increased in NRM neurons kept in a morphine-tolerant state from chronic morphine-treated rats. The potency of cAMP analogs for enhancing the GABA IPSC was also enhanced. The protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H89 reversed the chronic morphine-induced synaptic adaptation in GABA IPSCs. Behaviorally, a low dose of GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline microinjected into the NRM, ineffective alone, blocked morphine antinociception in control rats, but failed to do so in morphine-tolerant rats. With chronic treatment through daily NRM microinjections, bicuculline augmented the development of morphine tolerance, whereas the GABAA receptor agonist muscimol or H89 significantly attenuated the development of morphine tolerance. These results suggest that chronic morphine increases GABA synaptic activity through upregulation of the AMP system in morphine-tolerant NRM neurons and that while chronic GABAA receptor antagonism in the NRM augments morphine tolerance, chronic activation of NRM GABAA receptors or PKA inhibition reduces morphine tolerance with increased analgesic efficacy of chronic morphine.
KW - Analgesia
KW - IPSC
KW - Pain
KW - cAMP
KW - μ-Opioid receptors
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U2 - 10.1016/j.pain.2006.01.031
DO - 10.1016/j.pain.2006.01.031
M3 - Article
C2 - 16527406
AN - SCOPUS:33646051199
SN - 0304-3959
VL - 122
SP - 163
EP - 173
JO - Pain
JF - Pain
IS - 1-2
ER -